Abstract
This study evaluates the antioxidant activity of cannabidiol (CBD), added to model systems of refined olive (ROO) and sunflower (SO) oils, by measuring the peroxide value, oxidative stability index (OSI), electron spin resonance (ESR) forced oxidation, and DPPH• assays. Free acidity, a parameter of hydrolytic rancidity, was also examined. CBD was compared using the same analytical scheme with α-tocopherol. CBD, compared to α-tocopherol, showed a higher scavenging capacity, measured by DPPH• assay, but not better oxidative stability (OSI) of the oily systems considered. In particular, α-tocopherol (0.5%) showed an antioxidant activity only in SO, registered by an increase of more than 30% of the OSI (from 4.15 ± 0.07 to 6.28 ± 0.11 h). By ESR-forced oxidation assay, the concentration of free radicals (μM) in ROO decreased from 83.33 ± 4.56 to 11.23 ± 0.28 and in SO from 19.21 ± 1.39 to 6.90 ± 0.53 by adding 0.5% α-tocopherol. On the contrary, the addition of 0.5% CBD caused a worsening of the oxidative stability of ROO (from 23.58 ± 0.32 to 17.28 ± 0.18 h) and SO (from 4.93 ± 0.04 to 3.98 ± 0.04 h). Furthermore, 0.5% of CBD did not lower dramatically the concentration of free radicals (μM) as for α-tocopherol, which passed from 76.94 ± 9.04 to 72.25 ± 4.13 in ROO and from 17.91 ± 0.95 to 16.84 ± 0.25 in SO.
Highlights
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of cannabidiol (CBD), added to two lipid matrixes, namely refined olive oil (ROO) and refined sunflower oil (SO)
The determination of CBD was conducted in the oily solutions produced, while, as well-known, refined olive oil and sunflower oil do not present any CBD content
For preparation of these solutions, refined olive oil Ph Eur grade acquired in a pharmacy was used; sunflower oil was from commercial sources; the CBD used was in the form of crystals with 99.8% purity provided by Enecta Srl, Amsterdam (Netherlands), while AT with 97% purity was supplied by Alfa Aesar Thermo
Summary
This study evaluates the antioxidant activity of cannabidiol (CBD), added to model systems of refined olive (ROO) and sunflower (SO) oils, by measuring the peroxide value, oxidative stability index (OSI), electron spin resonance (ESR) forced oxidation, and DPPH assays. CBD, compared to α-tocopherol, showed a higher scavenging capacity, measured by DPPH assay, but not better oxidative stability (OSI) of the oily systems considered. By ESR-forced oxidation assay, the concentration of free radicals (μM) in ROO decreased from 83.33 ± 4.56 to 11.23 ± 0.28 and in SO from 19.21 ± 1.39 to 6.90 ± 0.53 by adding 0.5% α-tocopherol. 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group, and in position is refined, the total content of these compounds is lower, and for vegetable oils, up to 32% 4of with a prop-1-en-2-yl [3].
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