Abstract
The accessory gland has a simple structure composed of a single layer of a cells surrounding a lumen that is in turn surrounded by a muscle sheath. It synthesizes a proteins, carbohydrates and lipids which are transferred at the time of mating between male to the mating female. In this study we have determined the number of cells, cell size and gland size in male Drosophila melanogaster, unmated male flies of 2-3 day old were used the exposed to three temperatures, cold(15°c), middle (22°c) and high(29°c) temperature. The results showed, cell size in cold temperature was smaller than middle and high temperature and between three temperatures results of ANOVA and correlation coefficient were significant, p value middle > high). Results of cell number in cold, middle and high temperature by ANOVA variation and correlation coefficient was significant, the mean value of cell number in high temperature more than low and middle temperature respectively (High> cold> middle). Regarding, gland size, the mean value also, in high temperature condition bigger than middle temperature. The results of ANOVA variation and correlation coefficient were significant. [Our main aim is to show the effect of temperature on the reproductive system, especially on the male accessory gland in Drosophila including, structure of gland of cell size and cell number, that changed when flies were exposed to different temperature].
Highlights
Accessory gland proteins (Acps) induce a variety of physiological, behavioral and reproductive changes, when transferred to the female
That accessory gland size has a strong effect on the rate of spermatophores produced, that larger accessory glands are a determinant of male reproductive success in flies, with high rates of mating and males possessing larger accessory glands are at an advantage, accessory gland products are critical for mating success, and it is likely that accessory gland size, cell size and cell number has a strong effect on the rate at which spermatophores are produced
Influence of different temperatures on the accessory gland experiments: In Drosophila melanogaster, 25 to 150 accessory gland proteins are a major part of seminal fluid are essential for the storage and utilization of sperm that was used for increase in fecundity and fertility in females
Summary
Accessory gland proteins (Acps) induce a variety of physiological, behavioral and reproductive changes, when transferred to the female. We started the hypothesis that the growth and development of the gland size, cell number and cell size of the glands are the most important factors in determining the reproductive performance in mature males and females. We aimed, effect of temperatures on the accessory gland elements In this regards increased temperatures at the cause the growing at gland elements including cell size, cell number and gland size in D. melanogaster. The our results showed temperature has a positive effect on the function of accessory gland elements. It more research on the other reproductive factors including, female fecundity and fertility are needed finding sure results on the male reproductive performance in D. melanogaster
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