Abstract
It is of interest to inhibit the pathogenic bacteria and virus by medicinal plants. This method is safe and cheap. The antimicrobial activities of aqueous infusion and decoction of five medicinal plants: Nigella sativa (NS), Zingiber officinale, Thymus vulgaris, Syzygium aromaticum, Mentha piperita were investigated. The screening of antibacterial activity was against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus cereus. The aqueous infusion of ginger exhibited maximum activity against E. coli with 15.00 mm inhibition zone (IZ). Also, the infusion of black seeds showed highest antibacterial activity against Lactococcus lactis, P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus with 22.30, 9.60, 9.50 and 9.00 mm IZ, respectively. The decoction of peppermint exhibited significant inhibition against E. coli and Lactococcus lactis (20 and 19.5 mm, respectively), while decoction of black seeds showed maximum inhibition against P. aeruginosa and B. cereus with 9.50 and 9.3 mm. The decoction of clove inhibited L. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus significantly compared to other plants. Further antiviral screening was done. The effect of NS extracts as inhibitors against Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) infectivity in-vitro and in-vivo was studied. Aqueous decoction and infusion of NS inhibit the production of ZYMV symptoms on squash plants by 85% and 80%, respectively, in vitro treatment. Upon using of NS infusion and decoction, the phenolic compounds, the total protein as well as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidases were increased, comparing to viral controls. The infusion and decoction of medicinal plants were effective against tested virus and bacteria.
Highlights
Pathogenic bacteria can invade in the body through inhalation into nose and lungs, ingestion in food or through sexual contact
The current work was designed to evaluate the effect of five medicinal plants on pathogenic bacteria, and on Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) infectivity in vitro and in vivo
Results obtained in the present study revealed that the tested five medicinal plants extracts have potential antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria, except thyme against Staphylococcus aureus
Summary
Pathogenic bacteria can invade in the body through inhalation into nose and lungs, ingestion in food or through sexual contact. Occurring pathogenic bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogene. The use of medicinal plants is very important to our health. All drugs of the past were extracted from medicinal plants [2]. The medicinal plants have been screened for their antimicrobial activities. Medicinal plants were used in traditional medicines to treat infectious diseases. It contains new bioactive secondary metabolites [3]. Phenolics inhibit diseases development through inhibition of exteracellular enzymes and antioxidant activity in plant tissue [6]
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