Abstract
Introduction THE APPLICATION of low temperature technology to the field of medicine is not new. During the latter part of the 19th century Arnott 1 in England attempted to inhibit the growth of cancer by applying ice-cold brine to the malignant tissue, and Openchowski 11 in France discovered that freezing areas of the sensory or motor cortex of a dog either temporarily inhibits function or produces permanent, well-localized lesions. Rapid advances in cryogenic engineering within the last two decades, however, have expanded considerably the opportunities for studying the biologic effects of ow temperatures. As a result the use of cold For the inhibition, removal, and destruction of physiologically malfunctioning tissue is well documented. 10,14 A major turning point in the application of ow temperature technology to surgery occurred when Cooper 2-5 used an insulated, nitrogen-cooled probe to produce carefully controlled brain lesions in patients with Parkinson's disease. Similar cryosurgical
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