Abstract
A new phenolic compound, 2-O-β-laminaribiosyl-4-hydroxyacetophenone (1), was isolated from Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix (CWR, the root of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley), along with 10 known aromatic compounds, including cynandione A (2), bungeisides-C (7) and –D (8), p-hydroxyacetophenone (9), 2′,5′-dihydroxyacetophenone (10), and 2′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone (11). The structure of the new compound (1) was elucidated using spectroscopic methods and chemical methods. The structure of cynandione A (2), including a linkage mode of the biphenyl parts that remained uncertain, was unambiguously confirmed using the 2D 13C–13C incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiment (INADEQUATE) spectrum. Additionally, health issues related to the use of Cynanchi Auriculati Radix (CAR, the root of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight) instead of CWR have emerged. Therefore, constituents present in methanolic extracts of commercially available CWRs and CARs were examined using UV-sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), resulting in common detection of three major peaks ascribed to cynandione A (2), p-hydroxyacetophenone (9), and 2′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone (11). Thus, to distinguish between these ingredients, a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method, combined with only UV irradiation detection, focusing on wilfosides C1N (12) and K1N (13) as marker compounds characteristic of CAR, was performed. Furthermore, we propose this method as a simple and convenient strategy for the preliminary distinction of CWR and CAR to ensure the quality and safety of their crude drugs.
Highlights
Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix (CWR), the dried root of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley, is a crude drug listed in the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia [1]
Cynanchi Auriculati Radix (CAR), a crude drug that differs from CWR in China, is currently treated as a toxic plant by the U.S
We recently reported a survey products distributed as CWR, including possible confusion of Previous on the original plant species of crude drugs widely distributed as CWR in the Korean and Chinese phytochemical investigations identified used the in presence of 13pregnane glycosides, markets
Summary
Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix (CWR), the dried root of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley Standards and methods to distinguish CWR from CAR should be established ensure the quality and safety crude drugs. Previous on the original plant species of crude drugs widely distributed as CWR in the Korean and Chinese phytochemical investigations identified used the in presence of 13pregnane glycosides, markets. Detailed phytochemical information on the raw material with defined origins is there are several reports on ingredient research using materials of CWA and CAR available necessary to ensure the quality and safety of crude drugs. Several studies have assessed the quality of CWR and CAR and have aimed to distinguish used to identify crude drugs ensure reliability. Method for the distinction of phenolic constituents in authentic original CWR plant species is identified using DNA sequences [5], and aCAR to ensure the quality and safety of their crude (TLC). CAR to ensure the quality and safety of their crude drugs
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