Abstract
Berberis goudotii is an endemic Colombian plant found in the paramo ecosystem. It has been used in food preparation and as a medicinal plant for diverse treatments. Additionally, it is used as a mouthwash to strengthen the gums and combat throat irritations and periodontitis. The present research evaluated Berberis goudotii aerial parts extract and fractions antimicrobial activities. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to attain total ethanol-water extract. Solid-liquid fractionation was used to obtain hexane fraction. The residue was dispersed in water and liquid-liquid fractionation was carried-out to acquire dichloromethane, butanol and water fractions. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed on total extract and phenol, polyphenol, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin, while tannin content was quantified. Antimicrobial activity assessment was performed by agar diffusion method using disks and wells employing Ceftazidime as a positive control against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Antimicrobial activity was determined as relative percentage inhibition (RPI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Phenols (92.5 ± 7.7 mg GA/10 g), polyphenols (87.7 ± 8.1 mg PG/10 g) and tannins (44.1 ± 4.3 mg PG/10 g) were among the highest secondary metabolites observed. Total extract presented an MBC of 1.0 µg/µL against cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus) and 0.12 µg/µL against bacteria associated with periodontal disease (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum). Butanol and hexane fractions showed antiperiodontal activity with MBC of 0.12 and 1.0 µg/µL, respectively. In conclusion, Berberis goudotii total extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity against cariogenic and periodontal microorganisms, on the other hand, hexane and butanol fractions displayed antiperiodontal activity.
Highlights
Oral diseases are registered as some of the most prevalent and high cost public health concerns, taking into account their economic burden, but their impact on the individual’s quality of life [1,2,3]
Berberis goudotii antimicrobial activity was determined against bacteria associated with caries and periodontal disease
Findings revealed that greater anticariogenic and antiperiodontal activity was observed by the agar diffusion method per well in total extract
Summary
Oral diseases are registered as some of the most prevalent and high cost public health concerns, taking into account their economic burden, but their impact on the individual’s quality of life [1,2,3]. Dental caries is a disease that initially produces enamel tissue demineralization, followed by tooth decay when acidogenic bacteria, mainly Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus present in the biofilm remain active in the oral cavity [5,6,7,8,9]. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the tissue surrounding teeth, resulting in tooth loss [11]. These diseases have been classified as gingivitis, characterized only by gingival mucosa inflammation and periodontitis, where supporting tissue is destroyed, such as gum alveolar bone and periodontal ligament [12]. Its etiology has been associated with biofilm microorganisms, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans [9,13]
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