Preliminary In Vitro Study of Fluoride Release from Selected Ormocer Materials.

Piotr Kosior,Rafal J Wiglusz,Lukasz Grosman,Tomasz Blicharski,Martina Gutbier,Aneta Zakrzewska,Adam Watras,Maciej Dobrzynski,Mariusz Korczynski

doi:10.3390/ma14092244

Piotr Kosior, Rafal J Wiglusz + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092244

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Abstract

The purpose of the in vitro study presented in this paper was to determine the long-term release of fluoride ions from selected ormocer materials (Admira (A), Admira Flow (AF), Admira Seal (AS)). The release of fluoride ions from these materials into a saline solution (0.9% NaCl) and deionized water was tested for 14 weeks. In a long-term study the measurements were taken after 1 and 3 h, then 1, 2, and 3 days and then at weekly intervals for 14 weeks. In a short-term study the measurements were made after 3, 24, 48, 72, 69, 168 h, i.e., within 7 days. All materials used in the test showed a constant level of fluoride release. The highest level of cumulative release of fluoride ions into deionized water was found in the AS material (23.95 ± 4.30 μg/mm2), slightly lower in the A material (23.26 ± 4.16 μg/mm2) and the lowest in the AF material (16.79 ± 2.26 μg/mm2). The highest level of cumulative release into saline solution was found in AF (8.08 ± 1.30 μg/mm2), slightly lower in AS (7.36 ± 0.30 μg/mm2) and the lowest in A (6.73 ± 1.10 μg /mm2). After 1 h of immersion of the samples in the saline solution, the highest level of fluoride was released by AF (0.57 ± 0.06 μg/mm2) followed by A (0.20 ± 0.03 μg/mm2) and AS (0.19 ± 0.02 µg/mm2). Moreover, in the 14-week study, the total amount of fluoride release into the saline, which imitates the environment of the oral cavity, was observed as the highest in the AF sample.

Highlights

The high reactivity of fluoride is related to its multidirectional influence on cariogenic processes [1,2,3,4]
The released fluoride ions are involved in blocking the glucose transport, affecting the proper functioning of bacteria and inhibiting the growth of dental plaque [5]
Their proven cariostatic effect is associated with the possibility of modifying enamel hydroxyapatite

Summary

Introduction

The high reactivity of fluoride is related to its multidirectional influence on cariogenic processes [1,2,3,4]. Fluoride ions show antibacterial effects and help maintain the mineral balance of dental hard tissues. The bacteriostatic effect is possible due to the fact that fluoride in the form of hydrofluoric acid passes through the cell membrane of bacteria, where it inhibits the enolase, a glycolytic enzyme important for bacterial metabolism. The released fluoride ions are involved in blocking the glucose transport, affecting the proper functioning of bacteria and inhibiting the growth of dental plaque [5]. Fluoride ions counteract the carious processes of dental plaque [2]. Their proven cariostatic effect is associated with the possibility of modifying enamel hydroxyapatite.

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