Abstract
The possible role of B-cell growth and differentiation-related cytokines on the pathogenesis of diabetes-related periodontitis has not been addressed so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the gene expression of proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), two major cytokines associated to survival, differentiation and maturation of B cells in biopsies from gingival tissue with periodontitis. Gingival biopsies were obtained from subjects with periodontitis (n = 17), with periodontitis and DM (n = 19) as well as from periodontally and systemically healthy controls (n = 10). Gene expressions for APRIL, BLyS, RANKL, OPG, TRAP and DC-STAMP were evaluated using qPCR. The expressions APRIL, BLyS, RANKL, OPG, TRAP and DC-STAMP were all higher in both periodontitis groups when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expressions of BLyS, TRAP and RANKL were significantly higher in the subjects with periodontitis and DM when compared to those with periodontitis alone (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of BLyS correlated positively with RANKL in the subjects with periodontitis and DM (p < 0.05). BLyS is overexpressed in periodontitis tissues of subjects with type 2 DM, suggesting a possible role of this cytokine on the pathogenesis DM-related periodontitis.
Highlights
Periodontitis has long been linked to diabetes mellitus (DM).[1,2] Nowadays, DM is considered a risk factor for periodontitis and has to be included as a descriptor in grading periodontitis based on the new clinical classification of periodontal diseases.[3]
Significantly higher expression of B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) was observed in gingival biopsies from patients presenting with periodontitis and DM when compared to those from subjects with periodontitis alone
BLyS correlated positively with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in subjects with periodontitis and DM. These findings suggest a possible involvement of BLyS in the pathogenesis of DM-related periodontitis
Summary
Periodontitis has long been linked to diabetes mellitus (DM).[1,2] Nowadays, DM is considered a risk factor for periodontitis and has to be included as a descriptor in grading periodontitis based on the new clinical classification of periodontal diseases.[3] The pathogenesis of DM is multifactorial, involving several metabolic and hemodynamic disorders like insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia and immune-inflammatory dysfunctions. The immune-inflammatory dysfunctions associated to DM include increase in reactive oxygen species and a shift to an overall pro-inflammatory profile.[4,5]. The role of DM in modulating mediators involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases has been studied by our research group. Higher levels of pro-inflammatory T-helper (Th)1 - and
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