Preliminary evaluation of the immunoenhancement potential of Newcastle disease vaccine formulated as a cationic liposome

Abstract

This study evaluates the enhancement of immune response of birds to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine encapsulated in 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP)-based liposomes. The vesicles of the liposomal ND vaccine were physically characterized for shape, particle size and zeta potential. The results of the analyses showed that vesicles of the liposomal ND vaccine were spherical and tightly packed. The mean size distribution was below 100 nm. The mean zeta potential was 24 mV. Sixty experimental birds were then divided into an unvaccinated group, a liposomal ND vaccine group and a live La Sota® vaccine group. Both the liposomal ND vaccine and live La Sota® vaccine groups were vaccinated orally at 3 and 6 weeks of age. The mean antibody titres, total and differential white blood cell count, and blood chemistry, respectively, were assessed. Ten birds from each group were challenged by oral administration of 0.2 ml virulent Herts 33 strain at 9 weeks of age. The log2 mean antibody titre induced by the liposomal ND vaccine after secondary immunization of the birds was 9.60±0.95 while that of the live La Sota ® vaccine was 6.00±0.63. Nine of the 10 challenged birds in the unvaccinated group died while none died from the liposomal ND vaccine group or the live La Sota® vaccine group. After the boost vaccination, the chickens vaccinated with the liposomal ND vaccine had a higher mean antibody titre, indicating that encapsulating ND vaccine in DOTAP-based liposome induced significantly higher immunity than the live La Sota® vaccine.