Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of animal bone char (ABC) addition on metal mobility in mine tailings. The mobility of metals after addition of ABC to tailings at four different application rates (0.6 g, 1.2 g, 1.8 g and 3.6 g ABC per 100 g of tailings) was evaluated by Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) one step extraction. The obtained results indicated that the mobility of Pb, Cr and Cd gradually decreased with increasing quantity of added ABC. According to the TCLP, mobile concentrations of Pb in tailings exceeded threshold values for almost eight times. After ABC addition, Pb TCLP-extractable concentrations decreased from 39 mg L-1 in tailings to lower than the TCLP limit values of 5 mg L-1 at all ABC application rates, except in mixtures with the lowest addition of ABC. We concluded that ABC could be a successful metal stabilization agent for multi-metal contaminated soil, although attention should be paid at highly As contaminated soil.
Highlights
The contamination of soil with Pb is an important ecological problem worldwide whereas mining is among the main sources of Pb contamination in mine areas.[1]
In this research we investigated the use of animal bone char (ABC) as metal immobilization agents and potential remediation solution for degraded metal contaminated area as mine tailings
The addition of ABC to the studied multi-element contaminated mine tailings resulted in a considerable reduction of Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)-extractable Pb, Cr and Cd in mixtures up to 3 %, 8 % and 63 % of concentrations in extracts of tailings, respectively
Summary
The contamination of soil with Pb is an important ecological problem worldwide whereas mining is among the main sources of Pb contamination in mine areas.[1] Contaminated mine sites are poorly developed soils, depleted of organic matter and nutrients and are characterised by their excessive metal contents.[2] In the past, large amounts of mine wastes were dumped near the sites where they were produced and dispersed into nearby soils, crops and ecosystem.[3,4] The accumulation of metals in soil may have serious consequences for animal and human health through the food chain, groundwater, plant growth and microorganism diversity.[4,5]. In situ chemical immobilization is a promising green and cost effective soil remediation technique where mobile metal chemical species are transformed into less mobile ones by adding different amendments.[5,6] Phosphate amendments have been shown to be highly effective to reduce metal mobility and bioavailability. Many metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and others) can precipitate with phosphate sources as relatively insoluble metal phosphate species
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