Abstract
In order to determine the optimal parameters when using an ultrasonic probe to measure cavern geometry when a metal borehole pipe is present, an investigation was firstly carried out on influence of a vertical metal plates with a thickness from 1 mm to 15 mm immersed in water on transmitted and reflected ultrasonic waves. The results obtained will be used as an indicator for the measurement of underground geometry in which the ultrasonic probe is placed inside a metal pipe lining a borehole. These studies were performed both by experiment and computer simulation. The results show that the wavelength of the incident ultrasonic signals should be equal to half the thickness of the metal plate or an integer times smaller than this thickness. When the thickness of the barrier is unknown, an ultrasonic signal with linear frequency modulation (LFM) should be used. Due to the reverberation of the ultrasonic waves inside the pipe for caverns filled with water, the distance from the transducer to the cavern wall can be measured if it is longer than three times of the pipe diameter. Frequency analysis of both the reflected and the transmitted waves enables an optimal frequency of the incident ultrasonic wave to be selected, which can be used in the measurement of cavern geometry in conditions in which the ultrasonic probe is inside a metal pipe.
Highlights
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Echometric measurement consists of multiple recordings of a signal sent from an ultrasonic probe and the signal reflected from the cavern wall [7,15]
All the amplitude values of the recorded signals were compared to the amplitude value of the signals recorded when there was no steel plate barrier
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. It is common to use salt caverns for CO2 sequestration [8] and waste storage [9]. Echometric measurement consists of multiple recordings of a signal sent from an ultrasonic probe and the signal reflected from the cavern wall [7,15]. Vt 2 where : vspeed of the ultrasonic wave m s and t—time between the moment of sending the signal and of recording the reflected signal [s]. Such measurement is usually carried out in caverns where there is an absence of operational pipes. Schematic diagram of a cavern used as a container for liquid fuel with a steel pipe modified from [16]
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