Abstract
Industrial symbiosis is a collaboration of several industries to share their necessities such material, energy, technology as well as waste management. As a part of industrial ecology, in principle, this system attempts to emulate ecosystem where waste of an organism is being used by another organism, therefore there is no waste in the nature. This system becomes an effort to optimize resources (material and energy) as well as minimize waste. Considerable, in a symbiosis incure material and energy flows among industries. Material and energy in an industry are known as cost carriers, thus flow analysis in this system can be conducted in perspective of material, energy and cost, or called as material flow cost accounting (MFCA) that is an economic and ecological appraisal approach. Previous researches shown that MFCA implementation could be used to evaluate an industry’s environmental-related efficiency as well as in planning, business control and decision making. Moreover, the MFCA has been extended to assess environmental performance of SMEs Cluster or industrial symbiosis in SMEs Cluster, even to make preliminary design of an industrial symbiosis base on a major industry. This paper describes the use of MFCA to asses performance of SMEs industrial symbiosis and to improve the performance.
Highlights
Nowadays most of industries are facing demands to increase production and economic benefits and responsibility for environmental sustainability and health at the same time
The concept of industrial ecology relies on attempt to emulate ecosystem principles, where there is a mutual relationship between living organisms
The waste generated by the organism will be utilized by other such that nothing is wasted. This concept is used in industrial ecology as a base of the concept of resource optimization and waste minimization
Summary
Nowadays most of industries are facing demands to increase production and economic benefits and responsibility for environmental sustainability and health at the same time. The production process will always be related to the environment; raw materials extracted from the environment, energy used and emissions released into the environment This relationship encourages the development of industrial ecological concepts. MFCA concepts have been implemented in supply chains [1][2]as explained in ISO 14052 (2017) This method assesses the economic and environmental performances of a supply chain by calculating materials/energy flows among involved industries. The congruence of available material/energy flow and selected technology are base of the initial design of industrial symbiosis development Scientists believe the development of appropriate industrial symbiosis will help to improve the economic and environmental performance of an industrial estate
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