Abstract
Noctuidae are one of the most important Lepidoptera groups containing dangerous pest species. Monitoring and detection of these pest species is routinely performed by traps baited with sex-pheromones. Baits that attract both males and females were developed for improved pest management. First the effectiveness of different synthetic compounds was evaluated. We also tested semi-synthetic baits that contained both synthetic and natural components (wine and beer). These were more attractive for moths considering species richness and abundance. Disadvantage of this increased effectiveness is that the traps catch more non target, rare and even protected species. In this study we analysed the effect of semi-synthetic baits developed for Noctuid moths containing wine on other non-target Lepidopterans. In the six sampling sites traps caught 17158 individuals of 183 Lepidoptera species. The number of Noctuidae species was 124, while their proportion was 84.4%. The traps caught 813 individuals of 9 protected and 20 valuable species, which was only 4.7% of all Lepidopterans. In contrast the mean proportion of 33 dangerous and potential pest species was 31.3% (5375 individuals). Number and abundance of both protected and pest species were affected by landscape structure. The risks of catching non-target species was higher in species rich natural and semi-natural landscape. In homogenous arable lands the number and proportion of valuable Lepidopterans was not significant.
Highlights
Noctuidae is one of the most important families of Lepidoptera because of several dangerous and economically important pest species. The monitoring of these pests, which is an important part of the IPM (Integrated Pest Management) strategy against them, is generally performed by different trapping methods
Several important pest species can be monitored in the same time minimizing sampling effort (Tóth et al, 2010)
Even the more specific traps baited with sex pheromone can catch non target species (Olenici et al, 2007), but the probability of non-target catches might be much higher in case of traps baited with feeding attractants
Summary
Noctuidae is one of the most important families of Lepidoptera because of several dangerous and economically important pest species. The effectiveness of several synthetic compounds (e.g. phenylacetaldehyde, isoamyl-alcohol and isobutanol in combination with acetic acid) were proved to be effective for Noctuid moths The effectiveness of these synthetic baits can be increased with wine and beer as natural additives. These ‘semisynthetic’ baits lure more species and more individuals than the synthetic ones (Nagy et al, 2014; Tóth et al, 2015) These synthetic and semi-synthetic baits are more general attractants than species specific pheromones. Using these traps, several important pest species can be monitored in the same time minimizing sampling effort (Tóth et al, 2010). Even the more specific traps baited with sex pheromone can catch non target species (Olenici et al, 2007), but the probability of non-target catches might be much higher in case of traps baited with feeding attractants
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