Abstract
The Black Hills represent a unique ecoregion in North America, and Sand Creek has been considered a unique aquatic ecosystem in the region. To assess the preservation value of Sand Creek, relevant literature was reviewed and field surveys of its aquatic flora and fauna were performed in 1995 and 1999. Unique characteristics of Sand Creek in relation to the Black Hills region include a meandering channel of moderate gradient, large perennial flow originating from coldwater springs, abundant aquatic vegetation, and relict populations of longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus). Preservation concerns include aquatic habitat degradation due to unregulated grazing in the area and long term decrease in streamflow due to drought, diversions, and groundwater depletion.
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