Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone-generating ability of a new bovine-derived xenograft (S1-XB) containing hydrogel. For control purposes, we used Bio-Oss and Bone-XB bovine-derived xenografts. S1-XB was produced by mixing Bone-XB and hydrogel. Cell proliferation and differentiation studies were performed to assess cytotoxicities and cell responses. For in vivo study, 8 mm-sized cranial defects were formed in 16 rats, and then the bone substitutes were transplanted into defect sites in the four study groups, that is, a Bio-Oss group, a Bone-XB group, an S1-XB group, and a control (all n = 4); in the control group defects were left empty. Eight weeks after surgery, new bone formation areas were measured histomorphometrically. In the cell study, extracts of Bio-Oss, Bone-XB, and S1-XB showed good results in terms of the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and no cytotoxic reaction was evident. No significant difference was observed between mean new bone areas in the Bio-Oss (36.93 ± 4.27%), Bone-XB (35.07 ± 3.23%), and S1-XB (30.80 ± 6.41%) groups, but new bone area was significantly smaller in the control group (18.73 ± 5.59%) (p < 0.05). Bovine-derived bone graft material containing hydrogel (S1-XB) had a better cellular response and an osteogenic effect similar to Bio-Oss.
Highlights
Various types of graft materials are used for guided bone regeneration (GBR)
Since synthetic bone materials are generally stronger than surrounding bone stress, shielding problems may occur [9]
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical applicability of a commercially available xenograft material developed to be manipulated in a shape suitable for the defect area by applying particle xenograft materials and hydrogels at the cellular and small animal level
Summary
Various types of graft materials are used for guided bone regeneration (GBR). Autografts are considered ideal graft material as regards osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction [2], but they require an additional surgical site for bone harvesting, which increases patient discomfort and risks of complications [3,4]. For this reason, development is being actively conducted on other types of bone graft materials [5,6]. Synthetic bone materials, including ceramic-based hydroxyl-apatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), but are limited in terms of biocompatibility, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction [7,8]. Bovine-derived xenografts are the most widely used graft materials and have been reported on many occasions to produce good results [13,14]
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