Abstract
Due to the large extent of the Amazon rainforest, research has historically focused on easily accessible locations. Thus, much of this region has little information available about its richness and plant distribution. Located south of the Madeira river, Municipality of Manicoré has a high number of phytophysiognomies, which may indicate the existence of a greater diversity of plant species. Therefore, from the compilation of previously collected records and based on botanical expeditions, this study evaluated the diversity and richness of angiosperms in Manicoré. We found 801 species, 409 genera and 106 families. Our data record 47 new occurrences for Amazonas State. Of these new occurrences, 12 are also the first record for the northern region. In addition, we have identified a new vine species of the genus Mandevilla Lindl. Given the well-known sample deficiency of the Amazon region, and considering the countless anthropogenic pressures that cities south of the Madeira river have been facing, knowledge of flora becomes increasingly urgent.
Highlights
The Amazon rainforest is an extensive cluster of landscapes and ecosystems that form an exuberant mosaic of vegetation and hydrography
33,300 angiosperm species are listed for Brazil, of which more than 12,000 occur in the Amazon and more than 8,500 in Amazonas State (Flora do Brasil 2020, under construction)
For Brazil (2,756 spp.), as well as for the Amazon biome (1,119 spp.) and Amazonas State (825 spp), Fabaceae is the family with the highest species richness (BFG, 2015; Fabaceae in Flora do Brasil 2020, under construction)
Summary
The Amazon rainforest is an extensive cluster of landscapes and ecosystems that form an exuberant mosaic of vegetation and hydrography. Its area covers 8 million km, distributed in nine South American countries (Araújo, 2008; PortoGonçalves, 2015) It is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, being considered the largest reservoir of biodiversity on the planet (Porto-Gonçalves, 2015), besides being the main source of all biodiversity in the neotropical region (Antonelli et al, 2018). Despite containing all this biodiversity, much of the Amazon rainforest is still unknown and for many reasons the most of its area remain undersampled (Hopkins, 2007; ter Steege et al, 2016).
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