PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE DEGREE OF NATURALIZATION IN SOME <i>EUONYMUS </i>SPECIES (CELASTRACEAE) IN CENTRAL PART OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA AND THE CAUCASUS: RESULTS AND FURTHER TRENDS

Abstract

The degree of naturalization of a number of the Euonymus species in the conditions of Central part of European Russia (for E. europaeus L., E. nanus M. Bieb., E. maackii Rupr. and E. pauciflorus Maxim.) and in the Caucasus (for E. japonicus Thunb and E. fortunei (Turcz.) Hand-Mazz.) is analyzed. Critical analysis of the revealed data to establish that species run wild from the places of cultivation (old estate parks, gardens), for a long time are storring in abandoned estates, often give self-sowing and reproduce vegetatively (weed), occur in semi-natural and synanthropic habitats (forest belts and forest plantations, forest parks, near housing, roadsides); sometimes go into the forests. By the time of immigration, all species are neophytes; according to the vector of invasion - by ergasiophytes; according to the degree of naturalization - colonophytes (most species) or even hemiepecophytes ( E. europaeus ); have the status of potentially invasive. The "success factors" of these species, largely related to the peculiarities of their biology, as well as the proximity of the boundaries of their natural ranges, are also considered. An increase in the degree of adaptation of certain species was noted when moving to more northern regions of the Center and North-West of European Russia, and therefore it is necessary to monitor the state of their populations.