Prehospital advanced airway management for paediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A nationwide cohort study

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough prehospital advanced airway management (AAM) (i.e., endotracheal intubation [ETI] and insertion of supraglottic airways [SGA]) has been performed for paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), the effect of AAM has not been fully studied. We evaluated the association between prehospital AAM for paediatric OHCA and patient outcomes. MethodsWe conducted an observational cohort study, using the All-Japan Utstein Registry between 2014 and 2016. We included paediatric patients (age <18 years) with OHCA. We calculated time-dependent propensity score at each minute after initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by EMS providers, using a Fine-Gray regression model. We sequentially matched patients who received AAM during cardiac arrest to patients at risk of receiving AAM within the same minute (risk-set matching). The primary outcome was 1-month survival. Secondary outcome was 1-month survival with favourable functional status, defined as Cerebral Performance Category score of 1 or 2. ResultsWe analysed 3801 paediatric patients with OHCA. 481 patients (12.7%) received AAM and 3320 (87.3%) did not. Among the 3801 analysed patients, 912 patients underwent risk-set matching. In the matched cohort, AAM was not associated with 1-month survival (AAM: 52/456 [11.4%] vs. no AAM: 44/456 [9.6%]; risk ratio [RR], 1.15 [95% CI, 0.76–1.73]; risk difference [RD], 1.5% [−3.0 to 6.1%]) or favourable functional status (AAM: 9/456 [2.0%] vs. no AAM: 10/456 [2.2%]; RR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.26–1.79]; RD, −0.8% [−2.9 to 1.3%]). ConclusionAmong paediatric patients with OHCA, we found that prehospital AAM was not associated with 1-month survival or favourable functional status.