Preharvest application of selenite enhances the quality of Chinese flowering cabbage during storage via regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and phenylpropanoid metabolisms

Abstract

Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) is a candidate of selenium (Se) accumulator, but it is not clear whether and how preharvest Se treatment affects its quality after harvest. Here, we showed that preharvest application of 100 μmol/L selenite to roots enhanced storage quality of Chinese flowering cabbage. It increased antioxidant capacity and reduced weight loss, leaf yellowing, and protein degradation after harvest. Furthermore, it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GR, as well as contents of AsA, GSH, phenolics, and flavonoids during storage. Metabolome analysis revealed that phenolic acids including p-Coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid; flavonoids such as naringenin, eriodictyol, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, and their derivatives were notably increased by preharvest selenite treatment. Consistently, the total antioxidant capacity, evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods, were all markedly enhanced in selenite-treated cabbage compared to the control. Transcriptomics analysis showed that the DEGs induced by selenite were significantly enriched in AsA-GSH metabolisms and phenylpropanoids biosynthesis pathways. Moreover, preharvest selenite treatment significantly up-regulated the expressions of BrGST, BrGSH-Px, BrAPX, BrASO, BrC4H, BrCOMT, BrCHS, and BrFLS during storage. These results suggest that preharvest selenite treatment enhanced quality of cabbage not only by increasing Se biological accumulation, but also through regulating AsA-GSH cycle and increasing phenolics and flavonoids synthesis after harvest. This study provides a novel insight into the effects of preharvest Se treatment on quality of Chinese flowering cabbage during storage.