Pregravid Physical Activity, Dietary Intake, and Glucose Intolerance During Pregnancy

Abstract

To ascertain prepregnancy physical activity and dietary intake from a sample of women in early pregnancy and estimate the effect of prepregnancy lifestyle behaviors on the 1-hour glucose challenge test (GCT). We conducted a prospective analysis of a racially diverse urban-based sample of 152 pregnant women in the first trimester who were participants in the Parity, Inflammation and Diabetes (PID) study. Dietary intake before pregnancy was assessed using a modified version of the Block Rapid Food Screener, and leisure time physical activity before pregnancy was assessed using the Baecke questionnaire. Test results from a nonfasting oral GCT conducted between 26 and 28 weeks were abstracted from the medical record. Participants were classified as having a positive GCT if the blood glucose measurement was ≥140 mg/dL and as negative with a blood glucose measurement <140 mg/dL. We constructed a series of multiple logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders to determine if prepregnancy dietary intake and leisure activity were associated with response to the GCT. Women with higher prepregnancy leisure activity scores were 68% less likely to have a 1-hour GCT response ≥140mg/dL. However, there was no association between dietary intake and response to the GCT. Our data suggest that prevention of an abnormal GCT result should include practices to encourage women of reproductive age to engage in leisure physical activity in advance of planning a pregnancy.