Pregnancy Weight Gain, Postpartum Weight Retention, and Obesity

Abstract

Obesity is a significant health problem associated with specific risks during pregnancy. Overweight and obese women are at increased risk for gaining weight in excess of pregnancy weight gain guidelines. Excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) is associated with postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and can negatively impact the health of developing offspring, including increasing the risk of future obesity and diabetes. For all women, pregnancy may serve as an inciting factor that leads to increased body weight 15 to 20 years postpartum. Decreased exercise, increased consumption of unhealthy foods, and smoking cessation are associated with EGWG while increased exercise and breastfeeding are associated with reduced PPWR. A variety of interventions in limited settings have been successful at reducing EGWG and promoting postpartum weight loss. More research is needed on optimal ways to educate women about weight gain recommendations and incorporate interventions into routine care to improve maternal and child outcomes.