Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To study the pattern of various congenital anomalies in rural Haryana.STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective study conducted over 1 and ½ years (from January 2015 to June 2016) in a tertiary care center in Haryana, India.RESULTS: Out of 11,178 births, 227 babies had gross congenital malformations 2.03%. In literature, the most common birth defect reported in western countries is cardiovascular anomalies while in India and eastern countries, it’s the neural tube defect. In our study also, neural tube defects were the most common congenital anomalies accounting for 64.31% of total anomalies. They were more common in unbooked patients (70%) and the rural population. So, the main cause appears to be a lack of awareness and illiteracy.CONCLUSION: There is a need for increased awareness and folic acid supplementation routinely in the periconceptional period to decrease the incidence of congenital anomalies.
Highlights
A congenital malformation is defined as any irreversible abnormality in the physical or anatomical or functional form existing in a child before birth
There is a need for increased awareness and folic acid supplementation routinely in the periconceptional period to decrease the incidence of congenital anomalies
The most common anomalies were central nervous system (CNS) anomalies i.e., 64.31 % followed by GIT as shown in table I
Summary
A congenital malformation is defined as any irreversible abnormality in the physical or anatomical or functional form existing in a child before birth. They are of two types-major and minor. Minor anomalies are relatively minor physical abnormalities. Due to lower literacy and lack of education, people do not take adequate antenatal care which significantly contributes to congenital anomalies. They go to the hospital only for delivery and forego first-trimester antenatal visits, there is no folic acid intake leading to anomalies. Prevalence and the pattern of congenital anomalies vary over time and geographical location and we decided to do study in our hospital
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