Abstract
Previous studies have shown inconsistent results with respect to hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and pregnancy outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate pregnancy outcome in women with HBV or HCV. In a nationwide cohort of births between 2001 and 2011 we investigated the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes in 2990 births to women with HBV and 2056 births to women with HCV using data from Swedish healthcare registries. Births to women without HBV (n = 1090 979), and births without HCV (n = 1091 913) served as population controls. Crude and adjusted relative risks (aRR) were calculated using Poisson regression analysis. Women with HCV were more likely to smoke (46.7 vs. 8.0%) and to have alcohol dependence (18.9 vs. 1.3%) compared with population controls. Most women with HBV were born in non-Nordic countries (91.9%). Maternal HCV was associated with a decreased risk of preeclampsia (aRR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.24–0.64), but an increased risk of preterm birth (aRR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08–1.60) and late neonatal death (7–27 days: aRR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.07–13.39) Preterm birth were also more common in mothers with HBV, aRR: 1.21 (95% CI: 1.02–1.45). Both HBV and HCV are risk factors for preterm birth, while HCV seems to be associated with a decreased risk for preeclampsia. Future studies should corroborate these findings.
Highlights
HBV and HCV affects 400 and 130–150 million people worldwide, respectively [1, 2]
We found a small increase in relative risk for preterm birth
We did find a significantly increased risk for late neonatal death in women with HBV compared to population controls (Table 3)
Summary
HBV and HCV affects 400 and 130–150 million people worldwide, respectively [1, 2]. In Sweden the incidence of HBV varies between 15 and 20 cases per 100 000 personyears, while the incidence of HCV has decreased to 20 per 100 000 person-years between 1997 and 2011 [3, 4]. Neither HBV nor HCV are cytopathogenic vira. Both elicit inflammatory responses in their hosts. Many women with HBV and HCV are in their fertile age and their pregnancies may be affected. Neither HBV or HCV passes the placental barriers but the inflammation the vira elicit may affect the pregnant women negative and result in negative pregnancy outcomes [5]
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