Pregnancy during hemodialysis: perinatal outcome in our cases

Abstract

The perinatal outcome of patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis has been improved in recent years. In this report we review the treatment and outcome of seven pregnancies in women undergoing chronic hemodialysis before and during pregnancy between 2000 and 2002. The hemodialysis schedule was increased from 4 hours twice weekly to 4 hours four to six times weekly. Hemodialysis was performed using a high-flux dialyzer with volume-controlled ultrafiltration. The patients were followed in close collaboration between the obstetrician and the nephrologist. Monitoring of fetal well-being was started after 24 weeks' gestation, using cardiotocography by a nonstress test twice weekly and by weekly Doppler flow measurements. All patients underwent uterine contraction monitoring immediately after the dialysis. The mean gestational age at delivery was 32 weeks (range, 26 to 36 weeks). The causes of preterm delivery were premature contractions, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. The outcomes were two pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios and six pregnancies, that resulted in live births, all of whom survived. There was one neonatal death. The mean newborn birthweight was 1400 g (range, 420 to 2640 g) and the 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores ranged from 2/8 and 4/10, respectively one infant at 29-weeks gestation experienced respiratory distress syndrome but did well after 12 days. Cesarean section was performed in four pregnancies. The mothers were discharged on postoperative days 3 to 5. It is well known that the management of pregnant patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis is difficult. However, advances in dialysis, obstetrics, and neonatal care have improved the outcomes.