Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious medical and social problem, because it greatly increases the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes for mother and fetus. The frequency of GDM in the general population of different countries varies from 1% to 14% and average 7%, in Russia this figure is estimated at 4.5%.
 Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of GDM in Ryazan Regional clinical perinatal center for the last 3 years and examine its influence on the course and outcome of pregnancy.
 Materials and Methods. The analysis of the birth history data and exchange cards of 1690 pregnant women from 2015 to 2017 at Ryazan Regional clinical perinatal center.
 Results. GDM was diagnosed in 193 women (prevalence – 11.4%), with 62 pregnant women on the basis of the results of oral glucose tolerance test performed in the period of 24-30 weeks. It was established that the course of pregnancy and delivery in patients with GDM was characterized by a high percentage of complications (late gestosis – 18.1%, anemia – 11.3%, swelling – 11.9%, early toxicosis – 4.6%, poly-hydramnios – 12.4%, chronic pyelonephritis – 5.1% and threatened miscarriage – 3.6%). Pregnancy outcome study revealed that the majority – 60.6% of pregnancies ended in natural births. Preterm birth was noted in 15% of cases, of which 2 cases were of perinatal fetal death. The frequency of delivery by cesarean section – 39.4%. The frequency of childbirth large fetus was 21.8%, higher than in women with normal blood glucose levels.
 Conclusions. The prevalence of GDM in Ryazan Regional clinical perinatal center for the last 3 years was 11.4%. Complications during pregnancy were observed in 153 women (79.2%) of with GDM. The most frequent complications were; late gestosis, pregnancy anemia, edema, early toxemia, polyhydramnios, chronic pyelonephritis, and threatened miscarriage. In pregnant women with GDM, adverse outcomes of pregnancy were more common than in women with normoglycemia. Significant differences were obtained in the frequency of premature birth, macrosomia of the fetus and asphyxia during childbirth.
Highlights
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious medical and social problem, because it greatly increases the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes for mother and fetus
GDM was diagnosed in 193 women, with 62 pregnant women on the basis of the results of oral glucose tolerance test performed in the period of 24-30 weeks
It was established that the course of pregnancy and delivery in patients with GDM was characterized by a high percentage of complications
Summary
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕЧЕНИЯ И ИСХОДЫ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ У ЖЕНЩИН С ГЕСТАЦИОННЫМ САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ. Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. Оценить распространенность ГСД в Рязанском перинатальном центре за последние 3 года и изучить его влияния на течение и исходы беременности. Течение беременности и родов у пациенток с ГСД характеризовалось высоким процентом осложнений (поздний гестоз – 18,1%, анемия беременных – 11,3%, отеки – 11,9%, ранний токсикоз – 4,6%, многоводие – 12,4%, хронический пиелонефрит – 5,1%, угроза прерывания беременности – 3,6%). Осложнения в период беременности наблюдались у 79,2% женщин с ГСД, при этом наиболее часто встречались поздний гестоз, анемия беременных, отеки, ранний токсикоз, многоводие, хронический пиелонефрит и угроза прерывания беременности. При ГСД суммарные неблагоприятные исходы беременности встречались чаще, чем у женщин с нормогликемией; статистически значимые различия получены по частоте преждевременных родов, макросомии плода и асфиксии во время родов. Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of GDM in Ryazan Regional clinical perinatal center for the last 3 years and examine its influence on the course and outcome of pregnancy.
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