Abstract

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), is gaining interest as a possible biomarker and contributory factor to female cardiovascular health issues. This review article highlights the increasing amount of research connecting PAPP-A to heart failure and other cardiovascular concerns in females. PAPP-A levels have been found to be higher in women with heart failure and also been linked to the development and advancement of cardiovascular risks (atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease) in women. Improvements in risk assessment, early identification, and customized therapies for cardiovascular illnesses in women may be made possible by developments in this sector.

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