Abstract
BackgroundThe activation degree of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) functional area in drug abusers is directly related to the craving for drugs and the tolerance to punishment. Currently, among the clinical research on drug rehabilitation, there has been little analysis of the OFC activation in individuals abusing different types of drugs, including heroin, methamphetamine, and mixed drugs. Therefore, it becomes urgently necessary to clinically investigate the abuse of different drugs, so as to explore the effects of different types of drugs on the human brain.MethodsBased on prefrontal high-density functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), this research designs an experiment that includes resting and drug addiction induction. Hemoglobin concentrations of 30 drug users (10 on methamphetamine, 10 on heroin, and 10 on mixed drugs) were collected using fNIRS and analyzed by combining algorithm and statistics.ResultsLinear discriminant analysis (LDA), Support vector machine (SVM) and Machine-learning algorithm was implemented to classify different drug abusers. Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) activations in the OFC of different drug abusers were statistically analyzed, and the differences were confirmed. Innovative findings: in both the Right-OFC and Left-OFC areas, methamphetamine abusers had the highest degree of OFC activation, followed by those abusing mixed drugs, and heroin abusers had the lowest. The same result was obtained when OFC activation was investigated without distinguishing the left and right hemispheres.ConclusionsThe findings confirmed the significant differences among different drug abusers and the patterns of OFC activations, providing a theoretical basis for personalized clinical treatment of drug rehabilitation in the future.
Highlights
The activation degree of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) functional area in drug abusers is directly related to the craving for drugs and the tolerance to punishment
The paper mainly highlights the following six points: Forehead functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is first applied to drug addiction clinics; Designing a special experimental paradigm process to collect clinical data of people taking different types of addictive drugs; Traditional evaluation of drug abuse types uses statistical scales and addicts’ account, which is subjective
This article proposes using Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), Support vector machine (SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms to classify people taking different drugs, and objectively judge the types of drug abuse, overcoming the shortcoming of traditional evaluation mode of being subjective; Statistics is used to analyze the differences of OFC functional area activation; Warning people on social impacts, informing them of the harmfulness of drugs and necessity to refuse drugs; Clinically, providing a theoretical basis for doctors in differentiated rehabilitation treatment
Summary
The activation degree of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) functional area in drug abusers is directly related to the craving for drugs and the tolerance to punishment. There has been little theoretical support for the effects of brain functions abusing different types of drugs such as heroin, methamphetamine, and mixed drugs. This article proposes using LDA, SVM and CNN algorithms to classify people taking different drugs, and objectively judge the types of drug abuse, overcoming the shortcoming of traditional evaluation mode of being subjective; Statistics is used to analyze the differences of OFC functional area activation; Warning people on social impacts, informing them of the harmfulness of drugs and necessity to refuse drugs; Clinically, providing a theoretical basis for doctors in differentiated rehabilitation treatment. Optical brain imaging functional near infrared spectroscopy [1, 2] is a spectral measurement based on scalp detection It measures the hemodynamic function of brain tissues based on optic injection and detection points, and records blood oxygen level [3]. The near-infrared spectroscopy is widely used in evaluation, such as the evaluation of brain damage among drug users who take different types of drugs
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