Preformed Pd-Based Nanoparticles for the Liquid Phase Decomposition of Formic Acid: Effect of Stabiliser, Support and Au–Pd Ratio

Felipe Sanchez,Alberto Villa,Stefania Albonetti,Ludovica Bocelli,Nikolaos Dimitratos,Davide Motta

doi:10.3390/app10051752

Felipe Sanchez, Alberto Villa + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051752

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Abstract

Hydrogen is one of the most promising energy carriers for the production of electricity based on fuel cell hydrogen technology. Recently, hydrogen storage chemicals, such as formic acid, have been proposed to be part of the long-term solution towards hydrogen economy for the future of our planet. Herein we report the synthesis of preformed Pd nanoparticles using colloidal methodology varying a range of specific experimental parameters, such as the amount of the stabiliser and reducing agent, nature of support and Pd loading of the support. The aforementioned parameters have shown to affect mean Pd particle size, Pd oxidation, atomic content of Pd on the surface as well as on the catalytic performance towards formic acid decomposition. Reusability studies were carried out using the most active monometallic Pd material with a small loss of activity after five uses. The catalytic performance based on the Au–Pd atomic ratio was evaluated and the optimum catalytic performance was found to be with the Au/Pd atomic ratio of 1/3, indicating that the presence of a small amount of Pd is essential to promote significantly Au activity for the liquid phase decomposition of formic acid. Thorough characterisation has been carried out by means of XPS, SEM-EDX, TEM and BET. The observed catalytic performance is discussed in terms of the structure/morphology and composition of the supported Pd and Au–Pd nanoparticles.

Highlights

Hydrogen is considered as one of the most promising energy sources in the near future since it is globally accepted as a promising energy carrier for producing electricity in a fuel cell using a sustainable generation pathway, taking into consideration that the only by-product of its reaction with oxygen is water, a green process [1]
scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was performed confirming the presence of Pd and quantifying the Pd loading
Pd colloidal nanoparticles supported on activated charcoal was found, probably due to an obstruction of the pores since it is similar to the mean Pd particle size as presented in the paragraphs

Summary

Introduction

Hydrogen is considered as one of the most promising energy sources in the near future since it is globally accepted as a promising energy carrier for producing electricity in a fuel cell using a sustainable generation pathway, taking into consideration that the only by-product of its reaction with oxygen is water, a green process [1]. One of the main limitations of hydrogen storage technologies is at this moment related to (i) the capacity hydrogen storage devices and the safety hazards regarding hydrogen storage (transportation and flammability). To overcome these challenges, a range of technological approaches has been reported. Either physical or chemical storage of hydrogen is considered as alternative solutions.

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