Abstract
Abstract Transparent fracture models were constructed to visually track swollen preformed particle gel (PPG) propagation through open fractures and water flow through PPG placed in fractures. It was observed that PPG propagated like a piston along a fracture during PPG injection and a gel pack was formed in the fracture after gel placement and water broke through the particle gel pack to create several water channels to discharge water from the outlet during water injection after PPG placement. The factors that influence PPG injectivity and plugging efficiency have been investigated. Results show that PPG injectivity increases with fracture width and flow rate and decreases with brine concentration on which PPG swollen ratio is dependent. PPG can reduce the permeability of different width fracture to the same level. Full factorial experimental design was performed to rank the influence of injection rate, fracture width, and PPG swelling ratio on the response of pressure, resistance factor and injectivity.
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