Preface

Abstract

It is a great privilege for us to present the proceedings of ICECon2021, The International Conference on Civil Engineering and Construction Technology 2021 held in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, from the 14th to 15th of December 2021. The Civil Engineering in Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, organized this Conference; collaborated with the Institution of Engineers (IEM) Sabah, The Association of Consulting Engineers (ACEM) Sabah Chapter, and Green Materials and Advanced Construction Technology Research Unit (GMACT), Universiti Malaysia Sabah.With the theme “Emerging Technology and Sustainable Construction”, ICECon2021 has brought together experts from the industry and academia to disseminate new knowledge, share best practices, expand professional networks, and provide invaluable input for enriching civil engineering and construction technology for the benefit of humankind. Although at times of travel restriction due to the Covid-19 pandemic, over thirty-eight (38) distinguished researchers from three countries (Malaysia, China, and Australia) had virtually gathered and presented papers for this Conference. Two keynote speakers highlighted Renewable Energy and Sustainable Engineering. Their presentations provided a good insight into the latest developments in Green Liquid Biofuels and the Environmental Behaviour of Nanoparticles. Because of the enthusiastic response from the engineering community, the sizeable number of papers prompted the committee to organize parallel sessions during the Conference.Efforts taken by the peer reviewers contributed to improving the quality of papers provided constructive critics comments; thus, improvements and amendments by authors are greatly appreciated. The success of the ICECon2021 Conference was indeed a collective effort by the international/national advisory committee, session chairs, student volunteers and university financial and administrative staff assistance.The Civil Engineering Programme and Green Materials and Construction Technology (GMACT), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, has selflessly contributed to hosting the Conference in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Without the team’s skills, the Conference could not have been a technical success and an enjoyable experience. I would also like to express my most tremendous appreciation to our co-organizers, the Keynote Speakers, the authors, distinguished reviewers, and participants that have supported the ICECon2021 Conference.Last but not least, we are thankful to the support of the IOP Conference for assisting us in this journey. ICECon2021 committees and editors Professor Ir. Dr. Abdul Karim Mirasa, Conference chair Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Nurmin Bolong, Vice chair Ts. Dr. Lillian Gungat, Vice chair Ir. Dr Habib Musa Mohammad, Technical Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abu Zahrim Yaser, Publication Dr. Sheikh Mohd Iqbal S. Zainal Abidin, Publication Ms. Janice Lynn Ayog, Publicity and IT Ir. Jess Vun Wey Tyng, Publicity and IT Sr. Ts. Dr. Asmawan Sarman, Local/Event manager Dr. Hidayati Asrah, Secretariat Mr. Lim Chung Han @ Andrew, Secretariat Ms. Adriana Erica Amaludin, Secretariat