Preface

The hospital charts of 17 patients with post-stroke depression who were treated with either dextroamphetamine or methylphenidate during a 5-year period at the Massachusetts General Hospital were examined. Eighty-two percent of the patients showed improvement after psychostimulant treatment. Forty-seven percent of all patients showed marked or moderate improvement in depressive symptoms. The authors saw no significant differences in efficacy between the two psychostimulants or across the diagnostic categories for depression. Patients improved quickly, usually within the first 2 days of treatment. Adverse reactions necessitating the termination of psychostimulant treatment occurred in three patients. Anorexia was not observed as a side effect of either dextroamphetamine or methylphenidate treatment. Psychostimulants appear to be a safe and rapidly effective alternative to tricyclic antidepressants in inpatients with post-stroke depression.

The International Advisory Committee of the 15th International Congress on Plasma Physics (ICPP 2010) and the International Advisory Committee of the 13th Latin American Workshop on Plasma Physics (LAWPP 2010) both agreed to hold this combined meeting ICPP–LAWPP-2010 in Santiago de Chile, 8–13 August 2010, considering the celebration of the Bicentennial of Chilean Independence. ICPP–LAWPP-2010 was organized by the Thermonuclear Plasma Department of the Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission (CCHEN) as part of its official program, within the framework of the Chilean Bicentennial activities. This event was also a scientific and academic activity of the project `Center for Research and Applications in Plasma Physics and Pulsed Power, P4', supported by the National Scientific and Technological Commission, CONICYT-Chile, under grant ACT-26.

15th International Congress on Plasma Physics & 13th Latin American Workshop on Plasma Physics

HCV phylogenetic signature and prevalence of pretreatment NS5A and NS5B NI-Resistance associated substitutions in HCV-Infected patients in Mainland China

To analyze the quantity and quality of literature regarding osteoporosis from the Asian countries/regions. Data were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection on May 4, 2020. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted based on WoS. Keywords analysis was performed using VosView software. The core countries/regions in Asia in the osteoporosis research included the Mainland China (MC), Japan, South Korea, Turkey, Taiwan, India, and Iran. The core countries/regions published 4798 papers, which accounted for 33.8% of the total globally. The MC with 2242 literature and Japan with 971 were ranked second and fourth worldwide. Over the past decade, MC has published the most articles and increased dramatically. Japan had the highest mean citations and the highest mean citation density. The country with the most publications in the top ten popular osteoporosis-related journals was Japan. The top institutional from the MC, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan published the most articles. The top authors with the most articles were from Japan and MC. Top institutions and authors from Japan, MC, and India led the way in citations. The core countries/regions had more frequent cooperation with the USA, the UK, and Canada compared with the limited cooperation among Asian countries. Osteoporosis research in Asia relies heavily on public funding and pharmaceutical companies. Keywords for these studies have changed over the past 20years. Asian countries have made progress in the osteoporosis research over the past 20years. The MC has a significant increase in the number of articles. The scientific influence of Japan ranked by citations was leading in Asia. Indian researchers published fewer articles on osteoporosis, but the overall quality was quite well. The core Asian countries/regions should strengthen in-depth cooperation in the future.

This Topics in Cognitive Science issue starts the new year off with two collections entirely devoted to excellent and award-winning research: two additions to the (ongoing) topic honoring the Fellows of our Society and a handful of award-winning papers from our annual conference, CogSci, last year. The first topic aims to introduce the fellows of the Cognitive Science Society to a broad and diverse audience beyond the Fellows’ own field and, in so doing, to help bridge the disciplines that together constitute cognitive science (Bender, 2022). In the 3 years since its inception, the Fellows Topic has had the honor to host such overarching and integrative contributions from six outstanding scholars, who are joined now by two great thinkers: Nancy J. Nersessian (Georgia Institute of Technology, US) and Peter Gärdenfors (Lund University, Sweden). The honor of kicking this off belongs to Nancy J. Nersessian, grande dame of the philosophy of (cognitive) science. Her commitment to the Cognitive Science Society had her chair its Fellows Inaugural Committee (2001/02) and serve as president of the Society (2003/04), and in 2009, she was elected a Fellow herself. Having started off as a natural scientist and culminating as a cognitive scientist, she has helped to create—and uniquely shaped—an entire research field in her own way, the cognitive science of science. In “How do scientists think?” (Nersessian, in press), she presents this lifelong research program by interweaving it with her academic biography, thereby illustrating not just “how scientists think” more generally, but also how this applies to this particular scientist. Her Fellows paper is a passionate account of research into the nature of scientific thinking, to which she hopes (as she confided to me) to recruit more young researchers. The second contribution to this topic is different both in style and content. Its author, Peter Gärdenfors, is Sweden's likely most eminent philosopher and professor emeritus of cognitive science in one of the oldest universities in Northern Europe. He has been elected to several scientific academies, was a member of the Nobel Prize Committee for economics for 6 years, and became a Fellow of the Cognitive Science Society in 2016. His academic work, too, is characterized by crossing disciplinary boundaries, from philosophy to cognitive science and deep into questions in linguistics. For his Fellows contribution, “The geometry and dynamics of meaning” (Gärdenfors, in press), he chose a less biographical approach and instead provides a highly educational introduction to his influential theory of conceptual space, aimed at modeling why and how even very young minds are able to map words onto meaning when learning a language. topiCS encourages letters and commentaries on all topics, as well as proposals for new topics. Letters are not longer than two published pages (ca. 400–1000 words). Commentaries (between 1000 and 2000 words) are often solicited by Topic Editors prior to the publication of their topic, but they may also be considered after publication. Letters and commentaries typically come without abstract and with few references, if any. The Executive Editor and the Senior Editorial Board (SEB) are constantly searching for new and exciting topics for topiCS. Feel free to open communications with a short note to the Executive Editor ([email protected]) or a member of the SEB (for a list, see the publisher's homepage for topiCS: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1756-8765/homepage/EditorialBoard.html).

Five parallel anatomic circuits link regions of the frontal cortex to the striatum, globus pallidus/substantia nigra, and thalamus. The circuits originate in the supplementary motor area, frontal eye fields, dorsolateral prefrontal region, lateral orbito-frontal area, and anterior cingulate cortex. Open loop structures that provide input to or receive output from specific circuits share functions, cytoarchitectural features, and phylogenetic histories with the relevant circuits. The circuits mediate motor and oculomotor function as well as executive functions, socially responsive behavior, and motivation. Neuropsychiatric disorders of frontal-subcortical circuits include impaired executive function, disinhibition, and apathy; indicative mood disorders include depression, mania, and lability. Transmitters, modulators, receptor subtypes, and second messengers within the circuits provide a chemoarchitecture that can inform pharmacotherapy.

This paper is concerned in general with the intersection of cognitive and clinical science and in particular with schema theory. The use of schema theory in the various subdisciplines of cognitive science, as well as by cognitive-behavioral clinicians and psychoanalytically oriented clinicians is reviewed. It is argued that schema theory, in both cognitive and clinical sciences, allows a focus on mental structures their biological basis, their development and change, and on the way in which they direct psychological events. Schema theory not only enables important advances in different clinical schools, but it allows central clinical themes to be tackled in convergent ways. It is concluded that the schema construct allows integration within cognitive science, within the clinic, and between the two.

The 12 experimental papers presented in this special issue brilliantly illustrate the creative and exciting ways in which the exchange of theoretical concepts and experimental methodologies, between cognitive and clinical science, is serving both to deepen our understanding of psychopathology, and to identify new ways of potentially remediating such dysfunction. These papers are not only individually excellent, but collectively they communicate some of the major themes that are presently driving new developments within this rapidly evolving field. In this brief commentary, I reflect upon the contributions made by the current studies to these important themes. I also share some suggestions concerning how future work might profitably build upon this present research, to further enhance theoretical progress and enrich therapeutic innovation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Functional neuroimaging studies have found abnormal anterior cingulate activity in depressed subjects, and other studies have shown that the cingulate gyrus becomes active in healthy subjects during interference tasks. The authors hypothesized that subjects with mood disorder might show blunted cingulate activation during the standard Stroop interference task or during a modified version involving sadness-laden words. In contrast to 11 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects who activated the left cingulate during the standard Stroop, 11 mood-disordered subjects activated the right anterior cingulate gyrus only slightly and instead showed increased activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal and visual cortex. This study supports theories of blunted limbic and paralimbic activation and abnormal cingulate activity in depression and adds to the growing knowledge of the functional neuroanatomy of depression.

PrefaceIt is our great pleasure to report that the Proceedings of joint meeting of the 1st Asian ICMC CSSJ 50th Anniversary Conference (1st Asian ICMC-CSSJ 50) held at Kanazawa Kagekiza, Japan from November 7th to 10th, 2016 is published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS). The 1st Asian ICMC-CSSJ 50 organized by the International Cryogenic Materials Conference in Asia (Asian ICMC) and Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan (CSSJ), was aimed to gather a large number of scientists, engineers, students, corporate executives and other participants from Asian countries, and to promote technologies on superconductivity and cryogenics through presentations and fruitful discussions. Motivations of this new international conference are to enhance communications between researchers in this field in Asia and to celebrate 50 years anniversary of CSSJ established in 1966. Total numbers of participants and presentations of the 1st Asian ICMC-CSSJ 50 are 378 from 16 countries and 264 including 5 plenary lectures, 5 invited talks for Asian topics and 64 invited talks, respectively. This conference consisted of many sessions, such as Superconducting Materials, Critical Current Properties of Fe-Based Superconductors, Wires and Tapes, Evaluation and Analysis, Stability, AC Losses, FCLs/Transformers, Power Applications, Cables, Magnet Technology, Magnet Design, MRIs, Fusion, SMESs / Combination with RE, LTS Strands, Superconducting Joints, Rotating Machines, Superconducting Bulks, Fabrication and Application of Superconducting Bulk, Magnetization of Superconducting Bulk, Magnetic Separation, LTSs/Applications of Cryogenics, Large Scale Cryogenics, Cryogenic Materials, Cryogenic Cooling Engineering, Cryocoolers, Heat Transfer, Material Properties for Cooling Devices, Cryogenic Structural and Insulation Materials, Electronics, SQUIDs and Detectors, Thin Films and Devices and Low Carbon Society.To ensure the high publication standard mandated by JPCS, every paper was peer reviewed by a reviewer with expertise, and in some cases by two reviewers before it was accepted for publication. The reviewing process was managed by the program committee of CSSJ. As editors of the Proceedings, we would like to express our sincere appreciation to all the reviewers involved in the evaluation of the papers for their invaluable contribution.Editors and Program Committee are listed below.Editors: Mitsuho Furuse (AIST), Takanobu Kiss (Kyusgu Univ.), Jun-ichi Shimoyama (Aoyama Gakuin Univ.)Program Committee: Nobuya Banno (NIMS), Hiroyuki Fujishiro (Iwate Univ.), Mitsuho Furuse (AIST), Mutsuo Hidaka (AIST), Tsutomu Hoshino (Meisei Univ.), Yota Ichiki (Hitachi), Masayoshi Inoue (Kyushu Univ.), Masataka Iwakuma (Kyushu Univ.), Akifumi Kawagoe (Kagoshima University), Hiroshi Miyazaki (Toshiba), Takahiro Okamura (KEK), Takeshi Shimazaki (AIST), Jun-ichi Shimoyama (Aoyama Gakuin Univ.), Suguru Takada (NIFS), Yutaka Yamada (Shibaura Institute of Technol), Tetsumi Yuri (NIMS)

BackgroundAdvance Care Planning (ACP) remains nascent in mainland China since it has yet to be integrated with end-of-life care. While Shenzhen recently became the first city in mainland China to...

It is my great pleasure to deliver our subscribers this first issue of Volume 60 of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. In this issue of the new volume we have 21 interesting articles and letters to the editor by authors from six countries (Japan, Korea, Poland, Thailand, Taiwan and Turkey), and we are very pleased to have received positive feedback from international readers and contributors. Our journal seems to have expanded its publicity for these several years as shown by the steady increase in contributions, that is, from 137 manuscripts submitted in 2001, 148 in 2002, 170 in 2003 to the levels of 180 in 2004 and 220 in 2005, and can be predicted to exceed 240 in 2006. As a result, contributions from international researchers count 30 of the 82 published papers in 2001, 31 of 80 in 2002, 37 of 103 in 2003, 52 of 116 in 2004, and 51 of 124 in 2005, which make up almost half of all published articles. While receiving so many contributions specifically from active countries, of particular note is that papers by authors from a wider range of countries were published in 2005 than previous years. They were from 15 different countries including three Asian (India, Korea and Taiwan) and 12 in other areas of the world (Australia, Brazil, Czech, Finland, Germany, Italy, Selbia-Montenegro, Sweden, Turkey and the USA). We are very encouraged by the fact that many researchers not only in Asian countries but in more countries than before spread over the world are now interested in publishing their work in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, therefore, our journal can serve as an international medium of communication for their activities. As for contributions from Asian countries, we received for the first time a paper from Malaysia and Thailand in 2004, and more submissions than before from China, India, Korea and Taiwan. We are waiting for papers to be submitted from other Asian countries where we have received few or none, such as Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. It would be very satisfying if we could include contributions from researchers based in all parts of Asia, therefore, our journal could serve as a medium of scientific exchange between them and those in other parts of the world. This increase in submissions in recent years is placing increasing pressure on the Editorial Office and the Field Editors. Ms Yasuko Saito and Ms Chiharu Karube, the Editorial Secretaries, continue their diligence in managing the flow of papers through the various phases of the editorial process. We discussed effective solutions when the Editorial Committee met, and a new contract was made with our partner, the Blackwell Science Asia Co., that we would increase by 60 more pages to have 780 pages accross six issues for a year which would accommodate the increasing number of papers. In contrast, I regret the fact that we still do not have enough space to accommodate all submissions and have had to request that a few authors undertake major revisions in order to meet the standard for publication, or that they submit their papers to another journal. Unfortunately, about 30% of manuscripts submitted in 2005 fell into that category. As I announced in the 2004 Editorial, we have reformed the review process for submissions. Eight Field Editors have been appointed for each specialty in psychiatry. Among them, Dr Teruhiko Higuchi (Tokyo) has resigned as Field Editor for the field of neuropsychopharmacology because his new position limits collaborative activities outside of a national institution for which he serves as the director. Instead, Dr Shigenobu Kanba, Department of Psychiatry, Kyushu University, Graduate School of Medicine (Fukuoka), has been appointed for that specialty. Dr Tadafumi Kato (Saitama) for the field of molecular psychiatry, Dr Hiroshi Kurita (Tokyo) for the field of child and adolescent psychiatry, Dr Eisuke Matsushima (Tokyo), Dr Masato Matsuura (Tokyo) and Dr Yuji Okazaki (Tsu City) for other fields in psychiatry, neurology and neurosciences, Dr Yoshiro Okubo (Tokyo) for the field of Neuroimaging, and DrYutaka Ono (Tokyo) for the field of social psychiatry and psychotherapy, continue their work as appointed for the 3-year term. These eight Field Editors have been making great efforts working for our journal. As I wrote in the Editorial last year, from 2004 each Field Editor is responsible, in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief, for deciding if a manuscript is acceptable or requires further revision, and this reformation produced a positive impact on the quality of accepted papers. Advisory Editors consist of professors of psychiatric departments in 80 medical schools and several representative institutions in Japan, who are also serving as reviewers for the submitted papers. In addition, 20 International Advisory Editors are serving our journal. We are pleased to have many worldwide well-known researchers in psychiatry who have accepted our invitation to be a member of the Advisory Editors. I hope to have more review articles and letters to the editor that are aimed at facilitating dialogue with our readership. To achieve this, we will send out invitations to successful researchers to ask for contributions in the areas in which they are engaged. We were delighted to publish three review articles in 2005. One was in Volume 59, No.3, by Dr Michael Berk from Australia, who wrote on the management of bipolar disorder in primary care, and put emphasis on existing and emerging pharmacotherapies for those patients whom family physicians will encounter frequently because their prevalence is higher than previously believed. In Volume 59, No.5, Dr Massimo Morlino from Italy wrote of analyzing the number of articles published in psychiatric journals which are available on PubMed and found that 80% of intenational psychiatric literature is published in Anglo-Saxon countries, particularly in the USA, and the widespread use of the English language further stresses the dominance of the Anglo-Saxon cultural model. He emphasized that much more publications from various minority countries need to break through the Anglo-Saxon dominancy into the truly multicultural era of psychiatry. Another was by Dr Toshinori Kitamura from Japan. In Volume 59, No. 6, he discussed research that indicates information disclosure reduces stress among patients, and the more patients desire relevant information, the more information disclosure may be necessary. His opinion is that educating psychiatric patients may not necessarily reduce compliance or increase relapse rates. Online submission is now available, together with the conventional way with printed materials by post. Also, as advertised on the back page of each issue, our readers can access the online service run by Blackwell Publishing Co. and this journal is also available online via ‘Blackwell Synergy’. At present, our journal is normally dispatched direct from the country in which they are printed by surface air-lifted delivery. Recently, we started a discussion on the online editorial work and publication for all submissions, because not only does online editing make the editorial process shorter, but this development is very important for the journal to be one of the representative journals in the related field. It is still in preparation, however, and for the time being we advise authors that the manuscript should be sent by post to the Editorial Office in Tokyo, as Instructions for Authors describe. In any event, we are making a great effort to reduce the time from submission to publication, and currently it takes on average 10 months; 4 months for the review process and 6 months for the editing, printing and mailing, although the publication time of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences is one of the fastest in this specialty. The responses we have received in previous years have been positive, with an increasing number of contributions. This is very encouraging to those engaged in the editorial work, but we must continue to strive for a successful journal with a steady influx of good quality, innovative and cutting-edge scientific material. Join us and make this journal your own by contributing your work.

BackgroundWe previously showed that the number of publications in dermatology is increasing year by year, and positively correlates with improved economic conditions in mainland China, a still developing Asian country. However, the characteristics of publications in dermatology departments in more developed Asian countries such as Japan and South Korea are unknown.MethodsIn the present study, publications from 2003 through 2012 in dermatology in Japan, South Korea and mainland China were characterized. All data were obtained from http://www.pubmed.com.ResultsDermatology departments in Japan published 4,094 papers, while mainland China and South Korea published 1528 and 1,758 articles, respectively. 48% of articles from dermatology in Japan were original research and 36% were case reports; The number of publications in Japan remained stable over time, but the overall impact factors per paper increased linearly over the last 10 year period (p < 0.05). In mainland China, 67% of articles from dermatology were original research, while 19% were case reports; The number of publications and their impact factors per paper increased markedly. In South Korea, 65% of articles from dermatology were original research and 20% were case reports. The impact factors per paper remained unchanged, despite of the fact that the number of publications increased over the last 10 year period (r2 = 0.6820, p = 0.0032). Only mainland China showed a positive correlation of the number of publications with gross domestic product per capita during this study period.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the total number of publications in dermatology correlates with economic conditions only in developing country, but not in more developed countries in Asia. The extent of economic development could determine both the publication quantity and quality.

POS-304 A TARGETED LITERATURE REVIEW OF PREVALENCE AND TREATMENT PATTERNS OF IgA NEPHROPATHY IN MAINLAND CHINA, TAIWAN, AND SOUTH KOREA