Preface

Abstract

Osteopontin (OPN) up-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines from both T helper type 1 and T helper type 17 cell pathways. We measured plasma OPN levels in Japanese multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients to investigate its value as a potential biomarker of disease activity. In NMO patients, plasma OPN levels were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals, being equivalent to those in MS patients. In both NMO and MS patients, OPN levels were significantly higher during relapse compared with remission. There was also a significant positive correlation between Expanded Disability Status Scale of Kurzke scores and plasma OPN levels in both NMO and MS patients, and plasma OPN levels were significantly higher in patients with secondary progressive MS compared with those with relapsing-remitting MS. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of plasma OPN for MS and NMO during the relapse phase were 100% and 50%, respectively (cut-off point: 31.3 ng/ml). Thus, elevated plasma OPN levels could be a potential biomarker for not only MS but also NMO. These are the first results to suggest that plasma OPN in NMO patients may be a useful marker, playing an important role in inflammation, disease activity, and disease progression, as well as MS.