Abstract
The Tropical Experiment of the Stratosphere‐Troposphere Exchange Project (STEP) was an international effort to answer two major questions: (1) How is air moved from the tropical troposphere to the overlying stratosphere and (2) Why is the stratosphere so dry? These issues are in fact coupled, since, excepting the lower middle stratosphere during Antarctic winter, only the tropical tropopause is cold enough to dehydrate air (by freezing and subsequent precipitation) to the zonally averaged mixing ratios of 2.5–3 parts per million by volume (ppmv) observed in the tropical lower stratosphere. Indeed, the dryness of the global stratosphere has historically been the key piece of evidence indicating that the tropics are the region of upward mass transfer.
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