Pre-explosive Accretion and Simmering Phases of SNe Ia

Abstract

Abstract In accreting white dwarfs (WDs) approaching the Chandrasekhar limit, hydrostatic carbon burning precedes the dynamical breakout. During this simmering phase, e-captures are energetically favored in the central region of the star, while β-decay are favored more outside, and the two zones are connected by a growing convective instability. We analyze the interplay between weak interactions and convection, the so-called convective URCA process, during the simmering phase of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) progenitors and its effects on the physical and chemical properties at the explosion epoch. At variance with previous studies, we find that the convective core powered by the carbon burning remains confined within the 21(Ne,F) URCA shell. As a result, a much larger amount of carbon has to be consumed before the explosion that eventually occurs at larger density than previously estimated. In addition, we find that the extension of the convective core and its average neutronization depend on the the WD progenitor’s initial metallicity. For the average neutronization in the convective core at the explosion epoch, we obtain η ¯ exp = ( 1.094 ± 0.143 ) × 10−3 + (9.168 ± 0.677) × 10−2 × Z. Outside the convective core, the neutronization is instead determined by the initial amount of C + N + O in the progenitor star. Since S, Ca, Cr, and Mn, the elements usually exploited to evaluate the pre-explosive neutronization, are mainly produced outside the heavily neutronized core, the problem of too high metallicity estimated for the progenitors of the historical Tycho and Kepler SNe Ia remains unsolved.