Abstract
AbstractIn rock tunneling, pre‐excavation grouting (or, pre‐injection) refers to systematic treatment of the rock mass ahead of an advancing tunnel face via pressure grouting. The main purpose of pre‐excavation grouting is to reduce water inflows, or to improve geomechanical properties of the rock mass. This paper summarizes approaches for treating competent rock masses with systematic pre‐injection of cementitious grouts through boreholes drilled from the working tunnel face. The focus is on traditional cement based grouting technology and drill‐and‐blast tunneling under high static groundwater pressures (> 20 bar). Post‐injection, where drilling and grouting is performed somewhere behind the tunnel face, provides an additional means for achieving a high degree of watertightness, but is beyond the scope of this paper.
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