Predisposition of Soybean (Glycine max L.) to the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds Depending on the Purpose of Its Use

Abstract

The paper summarizes a 3-year study of the total accumulation of phenolic compounds (PC), which represent the most important group of alcohol- and water-soluble antioxidants, in seeds and vegetative organs of vegetable soybean. The study was carried out using a Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. Oil-bearing and vegetable soybean samples were grown in a greenhouse and on the experimental field of the Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing (Moscow oblast). PC accumulation in the phases of the technical (R6) and biological (R8) ripeness of vegetable soybean varieties was first studied under conditions of the northern border of the crop cultivation zone (55° N). The PC content in vegetative organs of plants at the R6 phase significantly exceeded that in seeds (12.0 and 4.1 mg/g of dry weight, respectively). In both R6 and R8 phases, accumulation of phenolic compounds in seeds of vegetable forms exceeded that in the oilseed varieties by 36.6 and 10%, respectively; the average exceeding at the R8 phase for the 3 years of study was 26.3%. Some vegetable lines, such as Gokuwase Hayabusa Edamame, Sample A, and Tundra, were characterized by a high PC content (4.9 mg/g). The study of accumulation of such compounds in vegetable forms under conditions of the Central region of the Nonchernozem zone showed a high potential of their use for the creation of varieties characterized by a high PC content and suitable for production of functional and medicinal vegetable products.