Predictors of urinary incontinence between abdominal obesity and non-obese male adults

Abstract

ABSTRACTObjectives: To investigate factors that may be associated with urinary incontinence (UI) in abdominal obese and non-obese adult males.Methods: Data were analyzed for 2671 men (≥40 years of age) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008). We define abdominal obesity as a waist circumference >102 cm. Men with Incontinence Severity Index ≥3 were defined as having UI. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with stress and urge UI.Results: Multivariate analysis found that in abdominal obese men, stress UI was associated with enlarged prostate (odds ratio [OR] = 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–4.16), chronic respiratory tract disease (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.55–4.97), and major depression (OR = 4.79, 95% CI: 1.79–12.84). In non-obese men, arthritis was associated with stress UI (odds ratio = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.06–10.73). Urge UI in abdominally obese men was associated with age ≥65 years (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.05–2.67), being non-Hispanic black (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.06–2.52), and with enlarged prostate (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.54–3.40), arthritis (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.03–1.88), and major depression (OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.89–4.64). Urge UI in non-obese men was associated with current smoking (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.01–3.17), major depression (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.33–5.09) and vitamin D deficiency (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.01–2.59).Conclusion: Factors associated with urinary incontinence varied with abdominal obesity status and type of UI. The findings identify important contributors to urinary incontinence that clinicians should consider to help manage and effectively treat the condition.