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Abstract
While long-term cessation is an outcome of interest in adult smokers, little is known about discontinuing smoking in adolescent smokers. The objective was to identify the predictors of the occurrence of smoking discontinuation in novice smokers. Data were available for 620 adolescent smokers participating in a longitudinal study on the natural course of nicotine dependence. Data on smoking discontinuation (i.e., stopping smoking for ≥12 consecutive months) were collected in 20 cycles over five years from grade 7 to 11 (1999-2005). Data on 37 potential predictors representing a wide range of demographic, psychosocial, health, lifestyle, smoking-related, and context-related characteristics were collected once, 2 to 3 times, or 20 times. Pooled logistic regression was used to test the association between each potential predictor and smoking discontinuation, adjusting for potential confounders. Forty percent of 620 participants discontinued smoking during follow up. Male sex [OR (95% confidence interval), 1.8 (1.3-2.4)], age [1.3 (1.1-1.5)], cigarette package warnings [0.6 (0.5-0.9)], team sports participation [1.4 (1.1-1.9)], family stress [0.7 (0.6-1.0)], worrying about weight [0.6 (0.5-0.9)], overweight [0.7 (0.5-1.0)], illicit drugs use [0.5 (0.4-0.7)], tolerance [0.6 (0.4-1.0)], and other nicotine dependence symptoms [1.0 (0.9-1.0)] were statistically significantly associated with smoking discontinuation. Both individual and context-level factors were associated with smoking discontinuation. Programs and policy targeting novice adolescent smokers may be more effective if factors associated with long-term smoking discontinuation are taken into consideration. In particular, young smokers may need help with dependence symptoms, body weight issues, family functioning, and polysubstance use. Cigarette package warnings may be effective in helping adolescents discontinue smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 1090-101. ©2014 AACR.
Highlights
Cigarette smoking in youth remains a critical public health concern because the prevalence remains high [1,2,3,4] and because many of those who initiate experience symptoms of nicotine dependence within months of initiation [5,6,7,8,9], leading to years of exposure to the carcinogens and other noxious substances in tobacco smoke
Reflecting that the sample comprised novice smokers, the median (IQR) number of cigarettes smoked per month was 0.6 (5.1) at baseline (Table 1)
It is not possible to compare our findings with those reported by Cengelli and colleagues and more research is needed to determine if the predictors of smoking discontinuation differ from those of cessation in young smokers
Summary
Cigarette smoking in youth remains a critical public health concern because the prevalence remains high [1,2,3,4] and because many of those who initiate experience symptoms of nicotine dependence within months of initiation [5,6,7,8,9], leading to years of exposure to the carcinogens and other noxious substances in tobacco smoke. While 50% to 70% of adolescent smokers try to quit each year [2, 10], most experience difficulty doing so [6], and 90% relapse within one year [2]. Authors' Affiliations: 1Centre de recherche CHUM, 2Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, and 3Institut national de sante publique du Quebec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Online (http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/). Adolescents and among those who smoke daily [10]. While long-term cessation is an outcome of interest in adult smokers, little is known about discontinuing smoking in adolescent smokers. The objective was to identify the predictors of the occurrence of smoking discontinuation in novice smokers
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Schedule a callMore From: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
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