Predictors of stable drug use recovery over 30 years

Abstract

The concept of substance abuse recovery implies a prolonged period of drug use abstinence, but there is little empirical evidence regarding the duration of abstinence that is associated with stable recovery. We analyzed data from a longitudinal study of 581 heroin users admitted to the California Civil Addict Program during 1962–1964 and followed for 30 years. Findings showed that before 1986–1987, approximately 30% reported more than 5 years of heroin abstinence and 25% reported more than 5 years in recovery (defined as heroin abstinence and no incarceration). Longer periods of abstinence were associated with a higher likelihood of remaining abstinent over the subsequent 10-year period (r=.73). Individuals who accumulated five or more years of abstinence were less likely to use, less likely to be involved in criminal justice system, and had better emotional and social functioning. Understanding factors that promote stable recovery can inform health service system policy and design.