Predictors of Sentinel Lymph Node Status in Cutaneous Melanoma: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis

Abstract

ObjectiveThe main aim of this study was to identify predictors of sentinel lymph node (SN) metastasis in cutaneous melanoma. Patients and methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 818 patients in 2 tertiary-level hospitals. The primary outcome variable was SN involvement. Independent predictors were identified using multiple logistic regression and a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. ResultsUlceration, tumor thickness, and a high mitotic rate (≥6 mitoses/mm2) were independently associated with SN metastasis in the multiple regression analysis. The most important predictor in the CART analysis was Breslow thickness. Absence of an inflammatory infiltrate, patient age, and tumor location were predictive of SN metastasis in patients with tumors thicker than 2mm. In the case of thinner melanomas, the predictors were mitotic rate (>6 mitoses/mm2), presence of ulceration, and tumor thickness. Patient age, mitotic rate, and tumor thickness and location were predictive of survival. ConclusionsA high mitotic rate predicts a higher risk of SN involvement and worse survival. CART analysis improves the prediction of regional metastasis, resulting in better clinical management of melanoma patients. It may also help select suitable candidates for inclusion in clinical trials.