Predictors of posttraumatic growth of intensive care unit nurses in Korea

Abstract

Nurses working in intensive care units are repeatedly exposed to trauma (e.g., verbal or physical abuse by confused patients, and unexpected death). However, after experiencing traumatic events, not all intensive care unit nurses develop psychopathological issues, including posttraumatic stress disorder. Therefore, this study aims to examine the level of posttraumatic growth and psychosocial factors such as posttraumatic stress symptoms, deliberate rumination, wisdom, and self-compassion to predict posttraumatic growth in Korean intensive care unit nurses. A total of 156 intensive care unit nurses participated in this cross-sectional survey. Posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress symptoms, deliberate rumination, wisdom, and self-compassion were measured using validated self-report scales, and data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Posttraumatic growth was found to be comparatively low in intensive care unit nurses, while multiple regression showed that positive self-compassion was the most significant predictor for posttraumatic growth, followed by wisdom, age, and deliberate rumination. All together four variables explained 30% of the variance in posttraumatic growth. Findings from this study suggest that intensive care unit nurses' posttraumatic growth may be enhanced by increasing positive self-compassion, wisdom, and deliberate rumination. Therefore, a paradigm shift focusing on possible positive pathways, such as development of mental health programs to improve posttraumatic growth for intensive care unit nurses is required rather than focusing on management of posttraumatic stress disorder. The results of this study could provide theoretical guidance to seek more effective and integrated intervention strategies for intensive care unit nurses.