Abstract
Participation is one of the major factors affecting the long-term success of population-based prostate cancer screening programs. The aim of this study was to explore strong factors linked to participation in prostate cancer screening among older Jordanian adults using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Data were obtained from Jordanian older adults, aged 40 years and over, who visited a comprehensive health care center within the Ministry of Health. A pilot test was conducted to investigate the internal consistency of the the Champion Health Belief Model Scale for prostate cancer screening and the clarity of survey questions. Sample characteristics and rates of participation in prostate cancer screening were examined using means and frequencies. Important factors associated with participation in prostate cancer screening were examined using bivariate correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis. About 13% of the respondents had adhered to prostate cancer screening guidelines over the previous decade. Four out of the seven HBM-driven factors (perceived susceptibility, benefits and barriers to PSA test, and health motivation) were statistically significant. Those with greater levels of susceptibility, benefits of PSA test and health motivation and lower levels of barriers to PSA testing were more likely to participate in prostate cancer screening. Family history, presence of urinary symptoms, age, and knowledge about prostate cancer significantly predicted the participation in prostate cancer screening. Health professionals should focus more on the four modifiable HBM-related factors to encourage older adults to participate in prostate cancer screening. Intervention programs, which lower perceived barriers to PSA testing and increase susceptibility, benefits of PSA testing and health motivation, should be developed and implemented.
Highlights
Prostate cancer has emerged as a major health problem in industrialized nations, as well as in developing countries (Stewart and Wild, 2014)
This study aims to assess the predictors of prostate cancer screening behaviors among older men in Jordan; it focuses on factors derived from the Health Belief Model (HBM)
Arafa et al (2012) study reported that the majority of the participants (70%) had a university education level and asmaller percentage of the participants (8%) had a family history of PC
Summary
Prostate cancer has emerged as a major health problem in industrialized nations, as well as in developing countries (Stewart and Wild, 2014). It was the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide in 2012, accounting for 6.6% (307,000 cases) of all cancer deaths in males (Ferlay et al, 2012). Four out of the seven HBM-driven factors (perceived susceptibility, benefits and barriers to PSA test, and health motivation) were statistically significant Those with greater levels of susceptibility, benefits of PSA test and health motivation and lower levels of barriers to PSA testing were more likely to participate in prostate cancer screening. Intervention programs, which lower perceived barriers to PSA testing and increase susceptibility, benefits of PSA testing and health motivation, should be developed and implemented
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