Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults and Older Adults from Amazonas, Brazil.

Élvio Rúbio Gouveia,Matthias Kliegel,Adilson Marques,Jefferson Jurema,Cíntia França,Alderlane Campos,Bruna R Gouveia,Andreas Ihle,Alex Lima,Miguel Peralta

doi:10.3390/ijerph18031303

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome has been considered a factor of vulnerability and a major public health problem because it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The present study from Amazonas, Brazil aimed to estimate the prevalence of the individual and general components of metabolic syndrome in adults and older adults and identify the independent predictors of metabolic syndrome. The sample of the present cross-sectional study comprised 942 participants (590 women), with a mean age of 59.8 ± 19.7 (range: 17.5 to 91.8). Blood pressure in men (62.5%), abdominal obesity in women (67.3%), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both (52.2% in men and 65.0% in women) were the most prevalent individual risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Women had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (p < 0.001), low HDL-C (p < 0.001), and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001) than men; however, opposite results were seen in men for blood pressure (p < 0.001). The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 47.5%. Advanced age, being female, having a higher body mass index, and a having lower educational level independently increased the odds of metabolic syndrome. Due to the association of metabolic syndrome with deterioration of health status and increased vulnerability, this study sustains the need for early public health interventions in the Amazonas region.

Highlights

Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of interrelated cardiometabolic risk factors, which more often occur together than individually [1]
Independent-samples t-test; MS, metabolic syndrome; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GLI, fasting blood glucose; CHOL, cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoproteins; LDL, low-density lipoproteins; TG, triglycerides; WACI, waist circumference; HR, heart rate; BMI, body mass index; PA, physical activity; 95% C.I., 95% confidence interval for means
Our results showed that blood pressure in men, abdominal obesity in women, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

Summary

Introduction

Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of interrelated cardiometabolic risk factors, which more often occur together than individually [1]. The metabolic abnormalities that characterize metabolic syndrome include increased blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels [2]. The current literature claims metabolic syndrome as a factor of vulnerability [3,4,5]. A major public health problem, the prevalence of which is increasing worldwide [6,7,8,9].

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