Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate correlations between lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), Ki-67, CK5/6, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E-cadherin, BCL11A and P53 in invasive breast cancer and to identify predictors of LVI based on these pathological factors. In all, 392 paraffin-embedded tissues from consecutive patients with primary operable invasive breast cancer were included. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was retrospectively performed using a tissue microarray (TMA) of the paraffin-embedded tissues. LVI-positive rates were compared using the χ2 test. Correlations between pathological factors were assessed using Spearman's test. Binary logistic regression was employed in multivariate analyses of statistically significant factors. The results showed that LVI positivity was significantly higher in patients with HER-2-positive expression or high Ki-67 expression. HER-2 expression was weakly positively correlated with Ki-67 expression. HER-2-positive expression and high Ki-67 expression were found to be risk factors for LVI, and associations between LVI and other pathological factors were not significant. Therefore, HER-2-positive expression and high Ki-67 expression are predictors of LVI, whereas the expression of ER, PR, CK5/6, EGFR, VEGF, E-cadherin, BCL11A and P53 is not associated with LVI in invasive breast cancer.
Highlights
This study aimed to evaluate correlations between lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), Ki-67, CK5/6, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E-cadherin, BCL11A and P53 in invasive breast cancer and to identify predictors of LVI based on these pathological factors
The prognosis of breast cancer is determined by certain clinicopathological factors, including the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis, tumor size, histological grade, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status, Ki-67 expression, and the presence or absence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) [1]
The LVI-positive rate was significantly high in patients whose tumors were positive for HER-2 expression (χ2=20.233, P
Summary
The prognosis of breast cancer is determined by certain clinicopathological factors, including the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis, tumor size, histological grade, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status, Ki-67 expression, and the presence or absence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) [1]. LVI is the main route of lymph node metastasis and is a known independent predictor of lymph node metastasis, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in breast cancer [2]. The BCL11A gene was first discovered in mice as a site for retroviral insertion and was initially referred to as CTIP1, known as EVI9 [4]. It was later found in the human chromosome 2p16.1 region, has a total length of approximately 102 kb and encodes a Kruppel-like zinc finger protein [5]. Previous studies have shown that BCL11A binds to the 5′-GGCCGG-3′ motif www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget
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