Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the incidence rates and predictors of lower limb fractures in a general Japanese population.MethodsNIPPON DATA is a nationwide, long-term, prospective cohort study of individuals who participated in the National Cardiovascular Survey Japan and the National Nutrition Survey in 1990. Overall, 3,134 individuals (1,827 women, 1,307 men) who participated in follow-up assessments in 1995, 2000, and/or 2006 were included in the present analysis. The outcomes of this study were lower limb fractures (including proximal femur fractures).ResultsThe mean age at baseline was 63.8 years in women and 63.1 years in men. The average body mass index (BMI) was 23.3 kg/m2 in women and 22.9 kg/m2 in men. During a mean follow-up of 12.1 years, 271 total lower limb fractures were observed. In women, older age, lower BMI, and less intake of vegetables were associated with increased risks of proximal femur fractures. With regard to the outcome of total lower limb fractures, less intake of vegetables and regular exercise were significant predictors in women. Calcium intake was not significantly associated with proximal femur or total lower limb fractures. There were no significant predictors of proximal femur or total lower limb fractures in men, except for age.ConclusionsAging was a significant risk factor for proximal femur and total lower limb fractures in both men and women. With regard to modifiable risk factors, low BMI and low intake of vegetables were associated with increased risks of proximal femur and/or total lower limb fractures in the general population of Japanese women.
Highlights
Owing to the aging of society, the number of lower limb fractures has been increasing in Japan [1,2,3]
Older age, lower body mass index (BMI), and less intake of vegetables were associated with increased risks of proximal femur fractures
With regard to modifiable risk factors, low BMI and low intake of vegetables were associated with increased risks of proximal femur and/or total lower limb fractures in the general population of Japanese women
Summary
Owing to the aging of society, the number of lower limb fractures (including proximal femur fractures) has been increasing in Japan [1,2,3]. Several epidemiological studies have investigated the incidence rates and risk factors of lower limb fractures in Japan [1,2,3, 7] as well as other countries around the world [5, 8] and demonstrated that older age, lower bone mineral density (BMD), a history of fracture, current smoking, alcohol intake, and lower calcium intake are major risk factors [8,9,10,11,12,13]. A limited number of cohort studies have conducted detailed investigations on incidence rates and/or risk factors (including detailed dietary factors such as calcium intake) of lower limb fractures by gender and location of fracture, risk factors of proximal femur fractures, which are highly related to osteoporosis, are different from those of fractures in other locations of the lower limbs [6, 7]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
