Abstract
Introductionheart failure (HF) is a major complication following ischemic heart disease (IHD) and it adversely affects the outcome. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of HF in patients with IHD.Methodsthis is a 24-month longitudinal retrospective study of all consecutive patients diagnosed with IHD. Endpoints were incident HF and time to incident HF. Patients with a previous history of HF were excluded.Resultsa total of 306 patients with IHD were included in the analysis. The 6-month, 12-month and 18-month cumulative risk of developing incident HF were 18.8%, 28.4%, and 53.5% respectively. Increasing age, female gender, diabetes mellitus (DM), lower hemoglobin, and dilated left atrium were strong predictors of incident HF. Predictors of shorter time to incident HF were coexisting DM and hypertension, and the presence of dilated left atrium in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%. The strongest predictor of incident HF in patients with DM was a higher level of LDL cholesterol.Conclusionpatients with IHD have a higher risk of incident HF. Strong predictors of incident HF in these patients were increasing age, female gender, DM, lower hemoglobin and dilated left atrium. Such patients need close follow-up and more intensive treatment.
Highlights
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the major underlying causes of heart failure (HF) [1-3]
Comorbidities and risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, cerebrovascular accidents, and peripheral arterial diseases were similar between the two groups
There was no significant difference in baseline left ventricular dimensions, nephropathy and blood pressure parameters between those who developed HF and those who did not develop HF
Summary
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the major underlying causes of heart failure (HF) [1-3]. IHD in Ethiopia has dramatically increased over the last 30 years, from 88 to 960 per 100,000 patients with cardiovascular disease [4-7]. The growing use of coronary artery revascularization procedures and better medical treatment have largely improved the outcome of an acute coronary syndrome, heart failure as a complication of IHD still remains a problem because of a scarcity of resources for proper intervention, in resource-limited settings. Even in settings with coronary revascularization, IHD still remains one of the leading causes of clinical HF onset. A clear knowledge of the risk factors or predictors of HF after IHD could guide therapeutic decisions and monitoring by identifying high-risk patients and pursuing more strict treatment and close follow-up in certain subsets. This study aimed to identify predictors of incident HF in a cohort of patients with IHD
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