Abstract
Background and Objective: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) progress in different ways between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The aim of the present study was to (1) analyze the change in global NMS burden in a PD cohort after a 2-year follow-up, (2) to compare the changes with a control group, and (3) to identify predictors of global NMS burden progression in the PD group. Material and Methods: PD patients and controls, recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017, were followed-up with after 2 years. The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was administered at baseline (V0) and at 24 months ± 1 month (V2). Linear regression models were used for determining predictive factors of global NMS burden progression (NMSS total score change from V0 to V2 as dependent variable). Results: After the 2-year follow-up, the mean NMS burden (NMSS total score) significantly increased in PD patients by 18.8% (from 45.08 ± 37.62 to 53.55 ± 42.28; p < 0.0001; N = 501; 60.2% males, mean age 62.59 ± 8.91) compared to no change observed in controls (from 14.74 ± 18.72 to 14.65 ± 21.82; p = 0.428; N = 122; 49.5% males, mean age 60.99 ± 8.32) (p < 0.0001). NMSS total score at baseline (β = −0.52), change from V0 to V2 in PDSS (Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale) (β = −0.34), and change from V0 to V2 in NPI (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) (β = 0.25) provided the highest contributions to the model (adjusted R-squared 0.41; Durbin-Watson test = 1.865). Conclusions: Global NMS burden demonstrates short-term progression in PD patients but not in controls and identifies worsening sleep problems and neuropsychiatric symptoms as significant independent predictors of this NMS progression.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease afterAlzheimer’s disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing motor and nonmotor symptoms (NMS) that result in disability, loss of patient autonomy, and caregiver burden [1]
After the 2-year follow-up, the mean global Non-motor symptoms (NMS) burden (NMSS total score) significantly increased in PD patients by 18.8% compared to no change observed in controls (Table 1 and Figure 1B)
In PD patients, the highest increase from V0 to V2 was for domain 1 with a 117.7% (Cohen’s effect size = 0.644), and the lowest was for domain 9 with a 10.7% (Figure 1C)
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing motor and nonmotor symptoms (NMS) that result in disability, loss of patient autonomy, and caregiver burden [1]. Some NMS (e.g., olfactory disorders, constipation, or sleep disturbances) may precede motor symptoms and could be useful as prodromal/preclinical markers of PD [2]. Other symptoms, such as dementia and psychosis, more frequently develop during the late stages of the disease and are sometimes difficult to manage [3]. Non-motor symptoms (NMS) progress in different ways between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
