Predictors of first pass effect and effect on outcomes in mechanical thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion

Abstract

IntroductionFor patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), those who are recanalized with a successful single pass (first pass effect, FPE) have better functional outcomes than those who do not. There is a scarcity of data regarding predictors of FPE in basilar artery occlusion (BAO). We aim to determine what characteristics may predict FPE for posterior circulation thrombectomies in a cohort of patients undergoing EVT for BAO. MethodsWe reviewed prospectively-collected data for patients presenting to a comprehensive stroke center with BAO between December 2015 and April 2019. Patients were included in this study if they underwent manual aspiration thrombectomy for BAO. Patients were excluded if they had occlusions of the posterior cerebral or vertebral arteries or if they had tandem lesions. Patients were stratified by whether FPE or modified FPE (mFPE) was achieved, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of FPE and the effect of FPE on clinical outcome. Results100 patients with BAO underwent thrombectomy. Mean age was 64.7 ± 16.7, 42% were female, and median NIHSS was 20 (IQR 11–27). 33% met criteria for FPE and 60% for mFPE. Univariate analysis identified female gender, lack of IV-tPA use, pcASPECTS, atrial fibrillation, and hyperlipidemia as possible predictors of FPE. On multivariate analysis, age, pcASPECTs, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia and IV-tPA use were not independent predictors of FPE or mFPE. Female gender was an independent predictor of mFPE (p = 0.02), but not FPE (p = 0.18). FPE was a predictor of mRS 0–2 at 90 days (p = 0.04). Predictors of mortality were age (p < 0.01), baseline NIHSS (p < 0.01) and mFPE (p = 0.01). ConclusionIn this cohort analysis of 100 patients with basilar artery occlusion undergoing manual aspiration thrombectomy, female gender was associated with mFPE but not FPE. Previously-reported anterior circulation FPE predictors including age, ASPECTS and atrial fibrillation were not predictors of FPE in this cohort of patients with BAO.