Predictors of Earnings Enabling Likely Roll Departure for SSDI Beneficiaries With Visual Impairments in Vocational Rehabilitation

Abstract

We examined individual, socioeconomic, disability, service, and state-level factors predicting vocational rehabilitation (VR) closure earnings exceeding substantial gainful activity for Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) beneficiaries in VR who were blind or visually impaired (BVI). We used 2011 RSA-911 (Rehabilitation Services Administration) data from 3,505 individuals exiting VR. Using multilevel modeling, we found positive relationships for beneficiaries who were male, younger, African American; held higher education levels; were without additional disabilities; had higher earnings and DI benefits at application; received services related to job placement and on-the-job supports; did not receive “work basics” (job-readiness) training; received training/support services in rehabilitation technology and other supports; and resided in states with lower unemployment rates. Interactions with VR agency structure revealed compensatory effects—negative relationships for being female and for being older were overcome by receiving services in a blind (rather than combined) agency. We concluded that prior work experience of a DI-beneficiary consumer contributes substantially to high earnings likely to lead to benefits termination due to work for the BVI consumer exiting VR and may serve to level race/ethnicity differences in outcome. Policy recommendations include retaining separate VR agencies for BVI consumers and strongly encouraging work experiences for consumers in VR.