Predictors of condom-related attitudes among at-risk women.

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Negative attitudes toward using male condoms tend to be associated with higher rates of sexual risk. Little has been written about the factors that influence women's attitudes toward condom use, and this has implications for HIV intervention efforts. Two hundred fifty adult women considered to be at risk based on demographic and family characteristics and residing in the Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan area were interviewed between August 1997 and August 2000. Street outreach efforts were used to identify potential study participants, with further expansion of the sample done via targeted sampling and ethnographic mapping procedures. Women held ambivalent to weakly positive attitudes toward condoms. Multivariate analysis revealed that five factors were associated with a greater frequency of engaging in seven specific types of sexual activities known to be associated with HIV transmission: condom-related attitudes (negative condom attitudes), marital status (being married vs. other marital status classification), religiosity (lesser), childhood physical abuse (greater), and the amount of illegal drug use (greater). Four significant predictors of condom attitudes were also identified: age (better condom attitudes among younger women), childhood neglect (more conductive condom attitudes among nonneglected women), self-esteem (more self-esteem = more favorable condom attitudes), and the number of drug problems experienced (more drug problems = more negative condom attitudes). The more negative at-risk women's attitudes were regarding condom use, the more often they tended to engage in risky sex. Specific backgrounds and characteristics of the women were associated with greater/lesser condom use. To increase condom use, programs should consider targeting specific types of women as well as their specific attitudes toward condom use.